---
title: hangnail — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hangnail» in the school dictionary: A small torn piece of skin hanging loose at the side or bottom of a fingernail, which can hurt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hangnail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skin, fingernail, I, you, hangnail, Mum · **What happens:** tear, hang, hurt, get, not pull, make · **To what, where:** side, sore hangnail, thumb, hangnail, nails, hangnails

<!-- .vabout -->
«hangnail» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hangnail in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hangnail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small torn piece of skin hanging loose at the side or bottom of a fingernail, which can hurt.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:m1:1
# text = A small torn piece of skin hanging loose at the side or bottom of a fingernail, which can hurt.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	loose	loose	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	fingernail	fingernail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hang** | gerund | skin *not said here* |  |  | the side or bottom of a fingernail |  | loose *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at side=Location |
| 3 | **hurt** | can | a fingernail |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I've got a sore hangnail on my thumb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x1:1
# text = I've got a sore hangnail on my thumb.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hangnail	hangnail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | I | a sore hangnail |  | my thumb |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent hangnail=Theme on thumb=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pull your hangnail; you'll make it bleed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x2:1
# text = Don't pull your hangnail; you'll make it bleed.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pull	pull	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hangnail	hangnail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	bleed	bleed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pull** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your hangnail |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hangnail=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | future | you | hangnail |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bleed** | infinitive | hangnail *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum cut off my hangnail with nail clippers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x3:1
# text = Mum cut off my hangnail with nail clippers.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hangnail	hangnail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	clippers	clipper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | past | Mum | my hangnail |  |  |  | with nail clippers | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector hangnail=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Biting your nails can cause hangnails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x4:1
# text = Biting your nails can cause hangnails.
1	Biting	bite	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	hangnails	hangnail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bite** | gerund |  | your nails |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nail=Patient |
| 2 | **cause** | can | Biting | hangnails |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hangnail=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hand cream helps stop hangnails in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x5:1
# text = Hand cream helps stop hangnails in winter.
1	Hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	hangnails	hangnail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Hand cream |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | infinitive | Hand cream *not said here* | hangnails |  |  | winter |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality hangnail=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hangnail can get red and infected if you pick at it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hangnail:x6:1
# text = A hangnail can get red and infected if you pick at it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hangnail	hangnail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pick	pick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | can | a hangnail |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **pick** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | at hangnail | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at it=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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