---
title: hap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hap» in the school dictionary: Luck or chance, especially something that happens by chance. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** event, things, hap, you, both, mishap · **What happens:** happen, mean, wrap up, be, come, hap · **To what, where:** haps, things, warm shawl, chance, hap, small accident · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hap» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Luck or chance, especially something that happens by chance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:m1:1
# text = Luck or chance, especially something that happens by chance.
1	Luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by chance | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by chance=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An event that happens; «haps» means things that happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:m2:1
# text = An event that happens; «haps» means things that happen.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	haps	hap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | a event | haps |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | a event | things |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | present | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland, northern England, dialect — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To wrap up warmly; a «hap» is a warm shawl or blanket.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:m3:1
# text = To wrap up warmly; a «hap» is a warm shawl or blanket.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	wrap	wrap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	warmly	warmly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	hap	hap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	shawl	shawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | warmly *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a hap | a warm shawl or blanket |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old stories, «by hap» means «by chance».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x1:1
# text = In old stories, «by hap» means «by chance».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hap	hap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | hap | chance |  |  |  | in old stories | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot chance=Theme in story=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Happen» and «perhaps» both come from «hap».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x2:1
# text = «Happen» and «perhaps» both come from «hap».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Happen	happen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
9	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	hap	hap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | both |  |  | hap |  | perhaps *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from hap=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A «mishap» is a small accident, a bit of bad hap.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x3:1
# text = A «mishap» is a small accident, a bit of bad hap.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	mishap	mishap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hap	hap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mishap | a small accident |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granny in Shetland happed the baby in a woolly shawl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x4:1
# text = Granny in Shetland happed the baby in a woolly shawl.
1	Granny	Granny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Shetland	Shetland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	happed	hap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shawl	shawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hap** | past | Granny in Shetland | the baby |  | a woolly shawl |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«What's the haps?» my cousin from California asked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x5:1
# text = «What's the haps?» my cousin from California asked.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	haps	hap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	California	California	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the haps |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the haps |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What better hap could I look for, fool that I am!"

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hap:x6:1
# text = "What better hap could I look for, fool that I am!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	hap	hap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** *in a quote* | could | better hap |  |  |  |  | for fool | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for fool=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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