---
title: hardback — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hardback» in the school dictionary: A book with a stiff, strong cover. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hardback

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** story, hardback, library, hardbacks, I, atlas · **What happens:** have, come out, prefer, last, cost, wait · **To what, where:** stiff cover, hardback, picture, cover, hardbacks, paperback

<!-- .vabout -->
«hardback» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hardback in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hardback.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book with a stiff, strong cover.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:m1:1
# text = A book with a stiff, strong cover.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story came out in hardback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:m1e:1
# text = The story came out in hardback.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | the story |  |  | hardback |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a stiff cover: a hardback book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:m2:1
# text = Having a stiff cover: a hardback book.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a stiff cover |  |  |  | a hardback book *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cover=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This hardback has a picture under the cover.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x1:1
# text = This hardback has a picture under the cover.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this hardback | a picture |  | the cover |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library prefers hardbacks because they last longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x2:1
# text = The library prefers hardbacks because they last longer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hardbacks	hardback	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	last	last	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | the library | hardbacks |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hardback=Stimulus |
| 2 | **last** | present | hardbacks *= hardback* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hardback costs $20, the paperback $8.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x3:1
# text = The hardback costs $20, the paperback $8.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	$	$	SYM	$	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	$	$	SYM	$	_	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the hardback | the paperback |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm waiting for the paperback, as the hardback is heavy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x4:1
# text = I'm waiting for the paperback, as the hardback is heavy.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | for the paperback | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the hardback |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My atlas is a big hardback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x5:1
# text = My atlas is a big hardback.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	atlas	atlas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My atlas | a big hardback |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got a hardback copy for her birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardback:x6:1
# text = She got a hardback copy for her birthday.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hardback	hardback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | a hardback copy |  |  |  | for her birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent copy=Theme for birthday=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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