---
title: hardihood — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hardihood» in the school dictionary: Hardihood is bold courage and toughness, a readiness to face danger or hardship. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hardihood

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**Who acts:** Hardihood, It, boy, wolves · **What happens:** be, face, take, climb, show, come · **To what, where:** bold courage, danger, great hardihood, mountain, hardihood

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«hardihood» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hardihood in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hardihood.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardihood is bold courage and toughness, a readiness to face danger or hardship.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardihood:m1:1
# text = Hardihood is bold courage and toughness, a readiness to face danger or hardship.
1	Hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	toughness	toughness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	readiness	readiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	face	face	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
12	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	hardship	hardship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hardihood | bold courage and toughness and a readiness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **face** | to-infinitive | Hardihood *not said here* | danger or hardship |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took great hardihood to climb the mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardihood:x1:1
# text = It took great hardihood to climb the mountain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It | great hardihood |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hardihood=Theme |
| 2 | **climb** | to-infinitive |  | the mountain |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location mountain=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy showed hardihood when the wolves came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hardihood:x2:1
# text = The boy showed hardihood when the wolves came.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the boy | hardihood |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hardihood=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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