---
title: harm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «harm» in the school dictionary: Hurt, damage or injury to a person, animal or thing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# harm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** harm, Smoking, dog, Litter, you, lost kitten · **What happens:** hurt, damage, not be, be, ask, harm · **To what, where:** someone, lungs, you, wild animals, cleaning products, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«harm» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/harm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurt, damage or injury to a person, animal or thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:m1:1
# text = Hurt, damage or injury to a person, animal or thing.
1	Hurt	hurt	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to hurt or damage someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:m2:1
# text = Verb: to hurt or damage someone or something.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **damage** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No harm in: it is not wrong or dangerous: «There's no harm in asking».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:m3:1
# text = No harm in: it is not wrong or dangerous: «There's no harm in asking».
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
17	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | no harm in it |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | no harm in it *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** *in a quote* | present | no harm |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | gerund | no harm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoking harms your lungs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x1:1
# text = Smoking harms your lungs.
1	Smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Smoking | your lungs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog won't harm you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x2:1
# text = The dog won't harm you.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **harm** | future | the dog | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Litter can harm wild animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x3:1
# text = Litter can harm wild animals.
1	Litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | Litter | wild animals |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep cleaning products out of harm's way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x4:1
# text = Keep cleaning products out of harm's way.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	products	product	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | cleaning products |  | harm's way |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent product=Theme out way=Location |
| 2 | **clean** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's no harm in asking for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x5:1
# text = There's no harm in asking for help.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no harm |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | no harm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No harm done — it was just a spilled drink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x6:1
# text = No harm done — it was just a spilled drink.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	spilled	spill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle | no harm |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | past | harm | a spilled drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lost kitten came to no harm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x7:1
# text = The lost kitten came to no harm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | the lost kitten |  |  | no harm |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to harm=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sugar can harm your teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x8:1
# text = Too much sugar can harm your teeth.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | much sugar | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus tooth=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had done me no harm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harm:x9:1
# text = They had done me no harm.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past · perfect | They | no harm | me |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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