---
title: harmful — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «harmful» in the school dictionary: Harmful means causing harm: hurting people, animals, plants or things, or making them ill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# harmful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Harmful, Bleach, Smoking, Plastic, much sun, berries · **What happens:** mean, cause, hurt, make, be, swallow · **To what, where:** harm, people, wild ones, adult, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«harmful» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harmful in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/harmful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Harmful means causing harm: hurting people, animals, plants or things, or making them ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:m1:1
# text = Harmful means causing harm: hurting people, animals, plants or things, or making them ill.
1	Harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hurting	hurt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Harmful |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** *not said to happen* | gerund | Harmful *not said here* | harm |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | gerund | Harmful *not said here* | people and animals and plants or things |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | Harmful *not said here* | people |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bleach is harmful if swallowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x1:1
# text = Bleach is harmful if swallowed.
1	Bleach	bleach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bleach |  |  |  |  | harmful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Bleach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoking is harmful to your health.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x2:1
# text = Smoking is harmful to your health.
1	Smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Smoking |  |  |  |  | to your health; harmful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic in the sea is harmful to turtles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x3:1
# text = Plastic in the sea is harmful to turtles.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Plastic in the sea |  |  |  |  | to turtles; harmful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sun is harmful to your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x4:1
# text = Too much sun is harmful to your skin.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | much sun |  |  |  |  | to your skin; harmful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some berries are harmful, so never eat wild ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x5:1
# text = Some berries are harmful, so never eat wild ones.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	berries	berry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some berries |  |  |  |  | harmful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | infinitive |  | wild ones |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell an adult if you see something harmful online.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x6:1
# text = Tell an adult if you see something harmful online.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	online	online	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | something |  |  |  | online *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rumours can be harmful to people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harmful:x7:1
# text = Rumours can be harmful to people.
1	Rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Rumours |  |  |  |  | to people; harmful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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