---
title: harrow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «harrow» in the school dictionary: A harrow is a heavy frame with metal spikes or teeth, pulled over ploughed ground to break up the soil and make it ready for seed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# harrow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** harrow, peasant, Dad, farmer · **What happens:** be, pull over, plough, break up, make, leave · **To what, where:** heavy frame, ploughed ground, soil, plough, field, harrow

<!-- .vabout -->
«harrow» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harrow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/harrow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A harrow is a heavy frame with metal spikes or teeth, pulled over ploughed ground to break up the soil and make it ready for seed.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harrow:m1:1
# text = A harrow is a heavy frame with metal spikes or teeth, pulled over ploughed ground to break up the soil and make it ready for seed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	harrow	harrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	over	over	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	ploughed	plough	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a harrow | a heavy frame |  |  |  | with metal spikes or teeth | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull over** | past | a harrow *not said here* | ploughed ground |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |
| 3 | **plough** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **break up** | to-infinitive | a harrow *not said here* | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | present | a harrow *not said here* | soil |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To harrow is to go over the soil with a harrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harrow:m2:1
# text = To harrow is to go over the soil with a harrow.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	harrow	harrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	harrow	harrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the soil |  | with a harrow; go *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peasant left his plough and his harrow in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harrow:x1:1
# text = The peasant left his plough and his harrow in the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	harrow	harrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the peasant | peasant's plough and peasant's harrow |  | the field |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plough=Theme in field=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad pulled the harrow behind the tractor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harrow:x2:1
# text = Dad pulled the harrow behind the tractor.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	harrow	harrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tractor	tractor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | Dad | the harrow |  | the tractor |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harrow=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer harrowed the field before sowing the seed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harrow:x3:1
# text = The farmer harrowed the field before sowing the seed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	harrowed	harrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sowing	sow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harrow** | past | the farmer | the field |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sow** | gerund | the farmer *not said here* | the seed |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent seed=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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