---
title: harshly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «harshly» in the school dictionary: In a cruel, unkind or too strict way: treated harshly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/harshly/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / harshly

# harshly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** light, voice, cruel king, you, everyone, coach · **What happens:** treat, shine, sound, not judge, make, speak · **To what, where:** cruel way, servants, yourself, mistakes, eyes, thief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«harshly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harshly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/harshly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cruel, unkind or too strict way: treated harshly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:m1:1
# text = In a cruel, unkind or too strict way: treated harshly.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
3	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | participle |  | a cruel way *not said here* |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a rough, unpleasant way to the senses: a light shining harshly, a voice sounding harshly.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:m2:1
# text = In a rough, unpleasant way to the senses: a light shining harshly, a voice sounding harshly.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
18	sounding	sound	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund | a light and a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sound** | gerund | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cruel king treated his servants harshly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x1:1
# text = The cruel king treated his servants harshly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past | the cruel king | king's servants |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent servant=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't judge yourself too harshly, everyone makes mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x2:1
# text = Don't judge yourself too harshly, everyone makes mistakes.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	judge	judge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **judge** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent yourself=Value |
| 2 | **make** | present | everyone | mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach spoke harshly to the team after the loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x3:1
# text = The coach spoke harshly to the team after the loss.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the coach |  |  |  | after the loss | to the team; harshly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to team=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light shone harshly in my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x4:1
# text = The light shone harshly in my eyes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | past | the light |  |  | my eyes |  | harshly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in eye=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief was punished harshly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x5:1
# text = The thief was punished harshly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive |  | the thief |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind blew harshly across the moor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x6:1
# text = The wind blew harshly across the moor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the wind |  |  | the moor |  | harshly *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She, however, treated him so harshly that he dared not live there altogether.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:harshly:x7:1
# text = She, however, treated him so harshly that he dared not live there altogether.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	however	however	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
13	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
14	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
15	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past | She |  | him *= he* |  |  | harshly, however *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | past | he |  |  | there |  | altogether *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [harsh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/harsh/)
- next →: [harshness](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/harshness/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)