---
title: hausa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hausa» in the school dictionary: The Hausa are a large people of West Africa, mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hausa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hausa, It, word, many millions, Hausa people, Sannu · **What happens:** be, speak, not be, live, mean, broadcast · **To what, where:** large people, northern Nigeria, Hausa language, English word, name, Hausa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hausa» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hausa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hausa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hausa are a large people of West Africa, mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:m1:1
# text = The Hausa are a large people of West Africa, mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Hausa | a large people |  | northern Nigeria and Niger |  | of West Africa | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hausa language, spoken by tens of millions of people in West Africa as a first or second language.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:m2:1
# text = The Hausa language, spoken by tens of millions of people in West Africa as a first or second language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	conj	_	_
20	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the Hausa language *not said here* |  |  |  | by tens of millions of people in West Africa; as a first language | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not an English word; it is the name of a people and their language.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:m3:1
# text = It is not an English word; it is the name of a people and their language.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | It | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | word | the name |  |  |  | of a people and people's language | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hausa is spoken by many millions of people in West Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:x1:1
# text = Hausa is spoken by many millions of people in West Africa.
1	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | many millions of people in West Africa | Hausa |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hausa people live mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:x2:1
# text = The Hausa people live mainly in northern Nigeria and Niger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the Hausa people |  |  | northern Nigeria and Niger |  | mainly *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nigeria=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sannu» means «hello» in Hausa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:x3:1
# text = «Sannu» means «hello» in Hausa.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sannu	Sannu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sannu |  |  |  |  | in Hausa | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in hausa=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kano is a famous Hausa city with ancient dye pits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:x4:1
# text = Kano is a famous Hausa city with ancient dye pits.
1	Kano	Kano	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	pits	pit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kano | a famous Hausa city |  |  |  | with ancient dye pits | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The BBC broadcasts news in Hausa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hausa:x5:1
# text = The BBC broadcasts news in Hausa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	BBC	BBC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broadcasts	broadcast	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hausa	Hausa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **broadcast** *speech: other* | present | the BBC | news |  | Hausa |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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