---
title: hawk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hawk» in the school dictionary: A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hawk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** strong claws, person, hawk, teacher, sharp talons, Street sellers · **What happens:** hook, hunt, sell, walk, call out, clear · **To what, where:** small animals, things, throat, strong warlike actions, field, mouse

<!-- .vabout -->
«hawk» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hawk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hawk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:m1:1
# text = A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hooked	hook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	talons	talon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
21	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | strong claws | small animals |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sell things by walking about and calling out, like at a market.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:m2:1
# text = To sell things by walking about and calling out, like at a market.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sell	sell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call out** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a market | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To clear your throat noisily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:m3:1
# text = To clear your throat noisily.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clear	clear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	noisily	noisily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | to-infinitive |  | your throat |  |  |  | noisily *property* | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent throat=Source |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who prefers strong, warlike actions (opposite of a dove).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:m4:1
# text = A person who prefers strong, warlike actions (opposite of a dove).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | a person | strong warlike actions |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer action=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hawk was circling high above the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x1:1
# text = A hawk was circling high above the field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	circling	circle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circle** | past · progressive | a hawk |  |  | the field |  | high *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hawk swooped down and caught a mouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x2:1
# text = The hawk swooped down and caught a mouse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swooped	swoop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swoop down** | past | the hawk |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past | the hawk *not said here* | a mouse |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher watches us like a hawk during tests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x3:1
# text = Our teacher watches us like a hawk during tests.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | present | Our teacher | us |  |  | during tests | like a hawk | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hawk's sharp talons grip its prey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x4:1
# text = The hawk's sharp talons grip its prey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	talons	talon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grip	grip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | present | the hawk's sharp talons | hawk's prey |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Street sellers hawked newspapers on the corner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x5:1
# text = Street sellers hawked newspapers on the corner.
1	Street	street	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sellers	seller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hawked	hawk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hawk** | past | Street sellers | newspapers |  | the corner |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent newspaper=Theme on corner=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hawks can see a mouse from very high up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hawk:x6:1
# text = Hawks can see a mouse from very high up.
1	Hawks	hawk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
9	up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | Hawks | a mouse |  | high |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mouse=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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