---
title: haymaking — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «haymaking» in the school dictionary: Cutting grass, drying it in the sun and gathering it as hay to feed animals in winter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/haymaking/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / haymaking

# haymaking

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** haymaker, haymaking, whole village, you, sun, farmer · **What happens:** cut, dry, gather, feed, be, mean · **To what, where:** grass, sun, animals, big wild punch, such punches, haymaking

<!-- .vabout -->
«haymaking» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [haymaking in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/haymaking.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting grass, drying it in the sun and gathering it as hay to feed animals in winter.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:m1:1
# text = Cutting grass, drying it in the sun and gathering it as hay to feed animals in winter.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	drying	dry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
16	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund |  | grass |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset grass=Product |
| 2 | **dry** | gerund |  | grass |  | the sun |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result |
| 3 | **gather** | gerund |  | grass |  |  |  | as hay | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **feed** | to-infinitive |  |  | animals |  | winter |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A haymaker is a big wild punch; haymaking can mean throwing such punches.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:m2:1
# text = A haymaker is a big wild punch; haymaking can mean throwing such punches.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	haymaker	haymaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	punch	punch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	punches	punch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a haymaker | a big wild punch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | can | haymaking |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **throw** *not said to happen* | gerund | haymaking *not said here* | such punches |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent punch=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Haymaking starts in early summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x1:1
# text = Haymaking starts in early summer.
1	Haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Haymaking |  |  |  | summer |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole village helped with the haymaking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x2:1
# text = The whole village helped with the haymaking.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the whole village |  |  |  |  | with the haymaking | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with haymaking=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Haymaking needs a few dry sunny days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x3:1
# text = Haymaking needs a few dry sunny days.
1	Haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Haymaking |  |  |  | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, haymaking was done with scythes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x4:1
# text = In the old days, haymaking was done with scythes.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	scythes	scythe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past · passive |  | haymaking |  |  | day | with scythes | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make hay while the sun shines, and do your homework while you have time!

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x5:1
# text = Make hay while the sun shines, and do your homework while you have time!
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | hay |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hay=Product |
| 2 | **shine** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality |
| 4 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer is busy with haymaking this week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haymaking:x6:1
# text = The farmer is busy with haymaking this week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the farmer |  |  |  | week | with haymaking; busy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hayloft](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hayloft/)
- next →: [haystack](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/haystack/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)