---
title: heading — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «heading» in the school dictionary: A heading is the title at the top of a page, section or piece of writing that tells you what it is about. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# heading

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heading, that, you, your, leaflet, We · **What happens:** be, tell, section, go, head, hit · **To what, where:** title, top, you, writing, ing form, ball · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«heading» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [heading in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/heading.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heading is the title at the top of a page, section or piece of writing that tells you what it is about.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:m1:1
# text = A heading is the title at the top of a page, section or piece of writing that tells you what it is about.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	_
21	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	obj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	about	about	ADV	RB	_	21	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a heading | the title |  | the top of a page |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | that | the title | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient what=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present | heading |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **section** |  |  | writing |  |  |  |  | nom section «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heading is the -ing form of head: going towards somewhere, as in heading home.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:m2:1
# text = Heading is the -ing form of head: going towards somewhere, as in heading home.
1	Heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
11	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	heading	head	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
17	home	home	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Heading | the ing form |  |  |  | of head | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards somewhere=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **head** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heading is hitting the ball with your head in football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:m3:1
# text = Heading is hitting the ball with your head in football.
1	Heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | present · progressive | Heading | the ball |  |  |  | with your head in football | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ball=Patient with head=Instrument |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heading is a direction of travel, especially for ships and planes, given in degrees.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:m4:1
# text = A heading is a direction of travel, especially for ships and planes, given in degrees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a heading | a direction and ships and planes |  |  |  | of travel | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | ships and planes *not said here* |  | degrees |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a heading at the top of your page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x1:1
# text = Write a heading at the top of your page.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a heading |  | the top of your page |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heading=Theme |
| 2 | **page** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom page «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaflet uses headings and bullet points.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x2:1
# text = The leaflet uses headings and bullet points.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaflet	leaflet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	headings	heading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	bullet	bullet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the leaflet | headings and bullet points |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heading=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We're heading to the beach after school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x3:1
# text = We're heading to the beach after school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	heading	head	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **head** | present · progressive | We |  |  |  | after school | to the beach | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is heading towards the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x4:1
# text = The storm is heading towards the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	heading	head	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **head** | present · progressive | the storm |  |  |  |  | towards the coast | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He scored with a great heading of the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x5:1
# text = He scored with a great heading of the ball.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with a great heading of the ball | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **head** |  |  | the ball |  |  |  |  | nom heading «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship changed its heading to the north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x6:1
# text = The ship changed its heading to the north.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the ship | ship's heading |  |  |  | to the north | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heading=Patient |
| 2 | **head** |  | ship |  |  |  |  |  | nom heading «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under each heading, list three facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x7:1
# text = Under each heading, list three facts.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	heading	heading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is the great deep-sea song that all the St. Paul seals sing when they are heading back to their beaches in the summer.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heading:x8:1
# text = This is the great deep-sea song that all the St. Paul seals sing when they are heading back to their beaches in the summer.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:desc	_	_
13	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	heading	head	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | the great sea song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | all Paul seals | the great sea song |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme |
| 3 | **head back** | present · progressive | seals *= seal* |  |  |  | summer | to seals's beaches | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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