---
title: heap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «heap» in the school dictionary: A heap is a big untidy pile of things on top of each other. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# heap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heap, Heaps, He, Two heaps, She, clothes · **What happens:** be, mean, heap, fill, move, have · **To what, where:** big untidy pile, lot, pile, something, 15 stones, heap

<!-- .vabout -->
«heap» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [heap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/heap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heap is a big untidy pile of things on top of each other.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:m1:1
# text = A heap is a big untidy pile of things on top of each other.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	untidy	untidy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	nmod	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a heap | a big untidy pile |  |  |  | of things on top of each | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heaps of something means a lot of it (informal, very common in Australia and New Zealand).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:m2:1
# text = Heaps of something means a lot of it (informal, very common in Australia and New Zealand).
1	Heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
18	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Heaps of something | a lot of lot |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To heap is to put things in a pile, or to fill something with a lot, like a heaped spoon.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:m3:1
# text = To heap is to put things in a pile, or to fill something with a lot, like a heaped spoon.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	heap	heap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	heaped	heap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a pile |  | put *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fill** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with a lot | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Patient with lot=Instrument |
| 4 | **heap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a heap of 40 stones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x1:1
# text = There is a heap of 40 stones.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a heap of 40 stones |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He moved 15 stones from the heap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x2:1
# text = He moved 15 stones from the heap.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | He | 15 stones |  | the heap |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stone=Theme from heap=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two heaps have 25 and 30 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x3:1
# text = Two heaps have 25 and 30 apples.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Two heaps | 25 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She heaps 3 more spoons of sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x4:1
# text = She heaps 3 more spoons of sugar.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heaps	heap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	spoons	spoon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | present | She | 3 more spoons of sugar |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spoon=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My clothes were in a heap on the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x5:1
# text = My clothes were in a heap on the floor.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My clothes |  |  | a heap |  | on the floor | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put the leaves on the compost heap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x6:1
# text = We put the leaves on the compost heap.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | the leaves |  | the compost heap |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme on heap=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks heaps for your help!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x7:1
# text = Thanks heaps for your help!
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog jumped into the heap of leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x8:1
# text = The dog jumped into the heap of leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | into the heap of leaves *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into heap=Result |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They divided the money into three heaps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heap:x9:1
# text = They divided the money into three heaps.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | past | They | the money |  | three heaps |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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