---
title: hearken — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hearken» in the school dictionary: To listen carefully. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hearken

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, my, Bible, design, They, boat · **What happens:** listen, go back, remind, say, tell, hearken · **To what, where:** people, old storyteller, warning, song, short form · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hearken» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hearken in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hearken.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To listen carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:m1:1
# text = To listen carefully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: hearken back to — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go back to or remind people of something from the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:m2:1
# text = To go back to or remind people of something from the past.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	remind	remind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **remind** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  | people of something |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hearken, children, to my tale,» said the old storyteller.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x1:1
# text = «Hearken, children, to my tale,» said the old storyteller.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hearken	hearken	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	storyteller	storyteller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | children | the old storyteller |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent storyteller=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible says, «Hearken unto me, O my people.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x2:1
# text = The Bible says, «Hearken unto me, O my people.»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hearken** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | my people |  |  |  | unto the Bible *= bible* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The design hearkens back to the old Victorian style.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x3:1
# text = The design hearkens back to the old Victorian style.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hearkens	hearken	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken back** | present | the design |  |  |  |  | to the old Victorian style | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They would not hearken to the warning and the boat sank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x4:1
# text = They would not hearken to the warning and the boat sank.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hearken** | would | They |  |  |  |  | to the warning | tree rules |
| 2 | **sink** | past | the boat | the warning *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent warning=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song «Hark! the herald angels sing» uses the short form «hark».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x5:1
# text = The song «Hark! the herald angels sing» uses the short form «hark».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	herald	herald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	hark	hark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present | the herald angels | the song *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | the song | the short form |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hearken to the wind in the trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x6:1
# text = Hearken to the wind in the trees.
1	Hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the wind in the trees | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Well, then, hearken now!" cried the Tsar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hearken:x7:1
# text = "Well, then, hearken now!" cried the Tsar.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
10	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | then; now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the Tsar |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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