---
title: heavy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «heavy» in the school dictionary: Heavy means weighing a lot and hard to lift. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# heavy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Heavy, heavy meal, you, box, heavy bag, much · **What happens:** mean, weigh, lift, be, make, feel · **To what, where:** lot, one, you, heavy heart, 12 kg, dog

<!-- .vabout -->
«heavy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [heavy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/heavy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy means weighing a lot and hard to lift.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:m1:1
# text = Heavy means weighing a lot and hard to lift.
1	Heavy	heavy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	weighing	weigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Heavy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **weigh** *not said to happen* | gerund | Heavy *not said here* | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value |
| 3 | **lift** | to-infinitive | Heavy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy means a lot of, or strong: heavy rain, heavy traffic.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:m2:1
# text = Heavy means a lot of, or strong: heavy rain, heavy traffic.
1	Heavy	heavy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Heavy | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heavy meal is one that makes you feel full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:m3:1
# text = A heavy meal is one that makes you feel full.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a heavy meal | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy can mean sad or serious: «a heavy heart».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:m4:1
# text = Heavy can mean sad or serious: «a heavy heart».
1	Heavy	heavy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Heavy | a heavy heart |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The box is 3 kg heavier than the bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x1:1
# text = The box is 3 kg heavier than the bag.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the box |  |  |  |  | than the bag; 3 kg *obl:unmarked*; heavy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is the heaviest?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x2:1
# text = Which is the heaviest?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heaviest	heavy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heavy bag weighs 12 kg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x3:1
# text = A heavy bag weighs 12 kg.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | a heavy bag | 12 kg |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much heavier is the dog?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x4:1
# text = How much heavier is the dog?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
3	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | much | the dog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This box is too heavy for me to lift.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x5:1
# text = This box is too heavy for me to lift.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this box |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lift** | to-infinitive | me |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy rain flooded the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x6:1
# text = Heavy rain flooded the road.
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flooded	flood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flood** | past | Heavy rain | the road |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was heavy traffic on the way to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x7:1
# text = There was heavy traffic on the way to school.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | heavy traffic |  |  | the way to school; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on way=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bend your knees when you lift something heavy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x8:1
# text = Bend your knees when you lift something heavy.
1	Bend	bend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | imperative | you *not said here* | your knees |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent knee=Material |
| 2 | **lift** | present | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She left her old school with a heavy heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:heavy:x9:1
# text = She left her old school with a heavy heart.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | She | her old school |  |  |  | with a heavy heart | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent school=Recipient with heart=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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