---
title: hedge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hedge» in the school dictionary: A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees growing close together, forming a living fence. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hedge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hedge, small trees, your, We, Hedgehogs, ball · **What happens:** be, grow, form, hedge, mean, avoid · **To what, where:** row, living fence, clear answer, bets, yourself, one option · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hedge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hedge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hedge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees growing close together, forming a living fence.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:m1:1
# text = A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees growing close together, forming a living fence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	forming	form	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hedge | a row |  |  |  | of bushes or small trees | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | small trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close, together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **form** | gerund | small trees *not said here* | a living fence |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fence=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hedge means to avoid giving a clear answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:m2:1
# text = To hedge means to avoid giving a clear answer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hedge	hedge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hedge** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **avoid** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | gerund |  | a clear answer |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hedge your bets means to protect yourself by choosing more than one option.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:m3:1
# text = To hedge your bets means to protect yourself by choosing more than one option.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hedge	hedge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bets	bet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	choosing	choose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	13	advmod	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	option	option	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hedge** | to-infinitive |  | your bets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **protect** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **choose** | gerund |  | one option |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent option=Theme |
| 5 | **bet** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom bet «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We trimmed the hedge in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x1:1
# text = We trimmed the hedge in the garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | past | We | the hedge |  |  |  | in the garden | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent hedge=Destination in garden=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A blackbird nested in the hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x2:1
# text = A blackbird nested in the hedge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blackbird	blackbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	nested	nest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nest** | participle |  | a blackbird *not said here* |  | the hedge |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hedgehogs often live under hedges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x3:1
# text = Hedgehogs often live under hedges.
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Hedgehogs |  |  | hedges |  | often *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under hedge=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball went over the hedge into the neighbour's garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x4:1
# text = The ball went over the hedge into the neighbour's garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the ball |  |  | the hedge |  | into the neighbour's garden | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme over hedge=Initial\_Location into garden=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lane was lined with tall hedges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x5:1
# text = The lane was lined with tall hedges.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line** | past · passive |  | the lane |  |  |  | with tall hedges | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with hedge=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When asked who broke the vase, he hedged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x6:1
# text = When asked who broke the vase, he hedged.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hedged	hedge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | past |  | the vase |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient |
| 3 | **hedge** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I hedged my bets and brought a coat and sunglasses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x7:1
# text = I hedged my bets and brought a coat and sunglasses.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hedged	hedge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bets	bet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hedge** | past | I | my bets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | past | I *not said here* | a coat and sunglasses |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |
| 3 | **bet** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom bet «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hedgerows are homes for many animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x8:1
# text = Hedgerows are homes for many animals.
1	Hedgerows	hedgerow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hedgerows | homes |  |  |  | for many animals | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hedges of rose-bush were old, and the flowers were faded.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hedge:x9:1
# text = The hedges of rose-bush were old, and the flowers were faded.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	faded	fade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hedges of rose bush |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fade** | past · passive |  | the flowers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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