---
title: hence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hence» in the school dictionary: Hence means «so» or «for this reason». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, old, wizard, you · **What happens:** mean, rain, find, call, know, get · **To what, where:** puddles, area, shop, formal results, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hence» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hence means «so» or «for this reason».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:m1:1
# text = Hence means «so» or «for this reason».
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hence *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent so=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hence means from now: «three weeks hence» means three weeks from now.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:m2:1
# text = Hence means from now: «three weeks hence» means three weeks from now.
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hence *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | week | hence *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hence means from here, away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:m3:1
# text = Hence means from here, away.
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hence *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rained all night, hence the puddles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x1:1
# text = It rained all night, hence the puddles.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puddles	puddle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | past | It | the puddles |  |  | night |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
3 × 4 = 12, hence 12 ÷ 4 = 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x2:1
# text = 3 × 4 = 12, hence 12 ÷ 4 = 3.
1	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	3	case	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	5	case	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
9	÷	÷	SYM	SYM	_	10	case	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	_
11	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	12	case	_	_
12	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Hence, find the area of the whole shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x3:1
# text = (formal) Hence, find the area of the whole shape.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | infinitive |  | the area of the whole shape |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is called «Bob's», hence the big B on the sign.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x4:1
# text = The shop is called «Bob's», hence the big B on the sign.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Bob	Bob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	B	B	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the shop |  |  |  | the big B on the sign *obl* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The results will be known two weeks hence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x5:1
# text = (formal) The results will be known two weeks hence.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | future · passive |  | the formal results |  |  |  | hence *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(old) «Get thee hence!» cried the wizard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x6:1
# text = (old) «Get thee hence!» cried the wizard.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	_
7	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *in a quote* | infinitive | old | thee |  |  |  | hence *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the wizard |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But now go hence quickly with thy friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hence:x7:1
# text = But now go hence quickly with thy friends.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | now | with thy friends; quickly *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with friend=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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