---
title: hereditary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hereditary» in the school dictionary: Hereditary describes a feature or illness that is passed from parents to children through genes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hereditary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hereditary, Freckles, doctor, illness, UK, grandfather · **What happens:** describe, pass, pass down, be, ask, have · **To what, where:** feature, illness, children, genes, title, right

<!-- .vabout -->
«hereditary» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hereditary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hereditary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hereditary describes a feature or illness that is passed from parents to children through genes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:m1:1
# text = Hereditary describes a feature or illness that is passed from parents to children through genes.
1	Hereditary	Hereditary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feature	feature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	genes	gene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Hereditary | a feature or illness |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent feature=Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | present · passive |  | illness | children | genes |  | from parents | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from parent=Initial\_Location to child=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hereditary describes a title, job or right that is passed down in a family from parent to child, like a crown.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:m2:1
# text = Hereditary describes a title, job or right that is passed down in a family from parent to child, like a crown.
1	Hereditary	Hereditary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Hereditary | a title and job or right |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent title=Theme |
| 2 | **pass down** | present · passive |  | right | child | a family |  | from parent | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from parent=Initial\_Location to child=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freckles are often hereditary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x1:1
# text = Freckles are often hereditary.
1	Freckles	freckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Freckles |  |  |  |  | hereditary, often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor asked if the illness was hereditary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x2:1
# text = The doctor asked if the illness was hereditary.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | the illness |  |  |  |  | hereditary *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The UK has a hereditary monarchy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x3:1
# text = The UK has a hereditary monarchy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	monarchy	monarchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the UK | a hereditary monarchy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monarchy=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His grandfather had a hereditary title as a lord.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x4:1
# text = His grandfather had a hereditary title as a lord.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | His grandfather | a hereditary title |  |  |  | as a lord | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being left-handed is partly hereditary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x5:1
# text = Being left-handed is partly hereditary.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux:pass	_	_
2	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hereditary, partly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some hereditary diseases can be tested for before birth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hereditary:x6:1
# text = Some hereditary diseases can be tested for before birth.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | can · passive |  | some hereditary diseases |  |  |  | for birth | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for birth=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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