---
title: hesitation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hesitation» in the school dictionary: A pause before doing something, because you are unsure or afraid. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hesitation

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**Who acts:** pause, She, I, your, he · **What happens:** do, be, open, see, speak, hesitate · **To what, where:** something, box, hesitation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«hesitation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hesitation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hesitation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pause before doing something, because you are unsure or afraid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hesitation:m1:1
# text = A pause before doing something, because you are unsure or afraid.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pause	pause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	unsure	unsure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund | a pause *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | a pause |  |  |  |  | unsure *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a pause *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She opened the box without hesitation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hesitation:x1:1
# text = She opened the box without hesitation.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hesitation	hesitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | She | the box |  |  |  | without hesitation | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location box=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can see your hesitation; please speak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hesitation:x2:1
# text = I can see your hesitation; please speak.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hesitation	hesitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
8	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | I | your hesitation |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hesitation=Stimulus |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hesitate** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom hesitation «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a short hesitation, he jumped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hesitation:x3:1
# text = After a short hesitation, he jumped.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hesitation	hesitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | he |  |  |  | after a short hesitation |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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