---
title: hew — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hew» in the school dictionary: To cut or chop wood or stone with a sharp tool or axe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hew

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**Who acts:** woodcutter, They, you · **What happens:** cut, chop, cut down, hew, hew away, hew down · **To what, where:** wood, logs, bridge

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«hew» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hew in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hew.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut or chop wood or stone with a sharp tool or axe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hew:m1:1
# text = To cut or chop wood or stone with a sharp tool or axe.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	chop	chop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **chop** | infinitive |  | wood or stone |  |  |  | with a sharp tool or axe | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent wood=Patient with tool=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut down or chop through with a sword or axe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hew:m2:1
# text = To cut down or chop through with a sword or axe.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	chop	chop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	through	through	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **chop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a sword or axe; through *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with sword=Instrument |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The woodcutter hews the logs for the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hew:x1:1
# text = The woodcutter hews the logs for the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	woodcutter	woodcutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hews	hew	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hew** | present | the woodcutter | the logs |  |  |  | for the fire | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent log=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hewed away at the bridge beams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hew:x2:1
# text = They hewed away at the bridge beams.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hewed	hew	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hew away** | past | They |  |  |  |  | at the bridge beams; away *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at beam=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hew down the bridge quickly!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hew:x3:1
# text = Hew down the bridge quickly!
1	Hew	hew	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hew down** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bridge |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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