---
title: hill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hill» in the school dictionary: A hill is high ground, lower than a mountain, with sloping sides. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hill, They, It, We, Jack, castle · **What happens:** be, slope, ride, climb, take, go down · **To what, where:** high ground, slope, road, bike, hill, trip · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hill» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hill is high ground, lower than a mountain, with sloping sides.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:m1:1
# text = A hill is high ground, lower than a mountain, with sloping sides.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	sloping	slope	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	amod	_	_
14	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hill | high ground and sloping sides |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slope** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hill is also a slope on a road or path: «ride your bike up the hill».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:m2:1
# text = A hill is also a slope on a road or path: «ride your bike up the hill».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ride	ride	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hill | a slope |  | a road or path |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ride** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your bike |  | the hill |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bike=Theme up hill=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hill is 200 m high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x1:1
# text = The hill is 200 m high.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the hill |  |  |  |  | 200 m *obl:unmarked*; high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They climb the hill in 30 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x2:1
# text = They climb the hill in 30 minutes.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climb	climb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | present | They | the hill |  |  | minute |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location hill=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes 10 minutes to go down the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x3:1
# text = It takes 10 minutes to go down the hill.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go down** | to-infinitive |  | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long was the trip up and down?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x4:1
# text = How long was the trip up and down?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the trip |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went sledging down the hill after the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x5:1
# text = We went sledging down the hill after the snow.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledging	sledge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sledge** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the hill | after the snow |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP.theme V PP.location»: agent=Theme down hill=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x6:1
# text = Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Jill	Jill	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	fetch	fetch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pail	pail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | Jack and Jill | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent |
| 2 | **fetch** | to-infinitive | Jack and Jill *not said here* | a pail of water |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pail=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle stands on top of a hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x7:1
# text = The castle stands on top of a hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the castle |  |  | top of a hill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cycling uphill is harder than cycling downhill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x8:1
# text = Cycling uphill is harder than cycling downhill.
1	Cycling	cycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	uphill	uphill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cycling	cycle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	downhill	downhill	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cycling uphill |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cycle** | gerund | Cycling uphill *not said here* |  |  |  |  | downhill *property* | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the hill we could see the whole town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x9:1
# text = From the hill we could see the whole town.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | we | the whole town |  | the hill |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer town=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Must I go up hill or down?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hill:x10:1
# text = Must I go up hill or down?
1	Must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | must | I | hill |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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