---
title: hilltop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hilltop» in the school dictionary: A hilltop is the top of a hill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hilltop

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hilltop, We, It, he · **What happens:** be, use, have, see, lit, cover · **To what, where:** top, picnic, hilltop, hilltop castle, sea, beacon fire

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«hilltop» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hilltop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hilltop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hilltop is the top of a hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:m1:1
# text = A hilltop is the top of a hill.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hilltop | the top |  |  |  | of a hill | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used before another noun: «a hilltop village», «a hilltop castle».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:m2:1
# text = Used before another noun: «a hilltop village», «a hilltop castle».
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  | before another noun |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a picnic on the hilltop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x1:1
# text = We had a picnic on the hilltop.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a picnic |  | the hilltop |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hilltop castle could be seen for miles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x2:1
# text = The hilltop castle could be seen for miles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could · passive |  | the hilltop castle |  |  |  | for miles | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the hilltop we could see the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x3:1
# text = From the hilltop we could see the sea.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | we | the sea |  | the hilltop |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sea=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beacon fire was lit on the hilltop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x4:1
# text = A beacon fire was lit on the hilltop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	beacon	beacon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit** | past · passive |  | a beacon fire |  | the hilltop |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hilltop was covered in snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x5:1
# text = The hilltop was covered in snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the hilltop |  |  |  | in snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in snow=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's windy on the hilltop, so bring a coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x6:1
# text = It's windy on the hilltop, so bring a coat.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | the hilltop |  | windy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive |  | a coat |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the hilltop he paused for breath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilltop:x7:1
# text = On the hilltop he paused for breath.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hilltop	hilltop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	paused	pause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pause** | past | he |  |  | the hilltop |  | for breath | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hilltop=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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