---
title: hilly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hilly» in the school dictionary: Having a lot of hills, as in «hilly countryside». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hilly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wales, Cycling, road, hilly fields, San, cross-country course · **What happens:** have, be, cycle, run, walk · **To what, where:** lot, hilly countryside, hilly country, famous hilly city, hilly woodland

<!-- .vabout -->
«hilly» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hilly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hilly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a lot of hills, as in «hilly countryside».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:m1:1
# text = Having a lot of hills, as in «hilly countryside».
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	countryside	countryside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a lot of hills |  | hilly countryside |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wales is a very hilly country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x1:1
# text = Wales is a very hilly country.
1	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wales | a hilly country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cycling home was hard because the road is hilly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x2:1
# text = Cycling home was hard because the road is hilly.
1	Cycling	cycle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	home	home	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cycle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Cycling |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the road |  |  |  |  | hilly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hilly fields were full of sheep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x3:1
# text = The hilly fields were full of sheep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hilly fields |  |  |  |  | of sheep; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
San Francisco is a famous hilly city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x4:1
# text = San Francisco is a famous hilly city.
1	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Francisco	Francisco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | San | a famous hilly city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cross-country course was the hilliest we had run.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x5:1
# text = The cross-country course was the hilliest we had run.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cross-country	cross-country	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hilliest	hilly	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cross-country course |  |  |  |  | hilly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | past · perfect | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked through hilly woodland on the school trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hilly:x6:1
# text = We walked through hilly woodland on the school trip.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	woodland	woodland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | hilly woodland |  | on the school trip | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through woodland=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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