---
title: hives — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hives» in the school dictionary: Hives are itchy red or pink bumps or patches on the skin, often caused by an allergy to food, medicine, insect stings or plants. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hives

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hives, Sam, doctor, you, beekeeper, Bees · **What happens:** be, cause, eat, break out, give, calm · **To what, where:** itchy red bumps, skin, plural, peanuts, hives, medicine

<!-- .vabout -->
«hives» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hives in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hives.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hives are itchy red or pink bumps or patches on the skin, often caused by an allergy to food, medicine, insect stings or plants.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:m1:1
# text = Hives are itchy red or pink bumps or patches on the skin, often caused by an allergy to food, medicine, insect stings or plants.
1	Hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	bumps	bump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	allergy	allergy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	stings	sting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hives | itchy red bumps or patches |  | the skin |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a allergy; to food and medicine and insect stings or plants; often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to food=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hives is also the plural of hive, a home for bees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:m2:1
# text = Hives is also the plural of hive, a home for bees.
1	Hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hive	hive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hives | the plural |  |  |  | of hive | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After eating peanuts, Sam broke out in hives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x1:1
# text = After eating peanuts, Sam broke out in hives.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	peanuts	peanut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund | Sam *not said here* | peanuts |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peanut=Patient |
| 2 | **break out** | past | Sam |  |  | hives |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hive=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hives are itchy red bumps on the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x2:1
# text = Hives are itchy red bumps on the skin.
1	Hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bumps	bump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hives | itchy red bumps |  | the skin |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor gave her medicine to calm her hives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x3:1
# text = The doctor gave her medicine to calm her hives.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	calm	calm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the doctor | medicine | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient medicine=Theme |
| 2 | **calm** | to-infinitive | the doctor *not said here* | doctor's hives |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hive=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If hives come with a swollen face, get help straight away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x4:1
# text = If hives come with a swollen face, get help straight away.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | hives |  |  |  |  | with a swollen face | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | imperative | you *not said here* | help |  |  |  | away *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer help=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beekeeper has five hives in his garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x5:1
# text = The beekeeper has five hives in his garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beekeeper	beekeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the beekeeper | five hives |  | beekeeper's garden |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hive=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees fly back to their hives with nectar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x6:1
# text = Bees fly back to their hives with nectar.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly back** | present | Bees |  |  |  |  | to Bees's hives with nectar *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to hive=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the Keeper returned and found the hives empty, he was very much upset and stood staring at them for some time.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hives:x7:1
# text = When the Keeper returned and found the hives empty, he was very much upset and stood staring at them for some time.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Keeper	Keeper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hives	hive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	much	much	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the Keeper |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past | the Keeper *not said here* | the hives |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hive=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | Keeper |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | past | Keeper *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **stare** | gerund | Keeper *not said here* |  |  |  | time | at hives *= hive* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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