---
title: ho — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ho» in the school dictionary: A shout to get attention or to show surprise: «Land ho!» means «land ahead!». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ho

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shout, Ho ho ho, Land ho, Merry Christmas, Westward, guard · **What happens:** get, show, mean, be, take, not use · **To what, where:** attention, surprise, land, laugh, woman, whore · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ho» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ho in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ho.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shout to get attention or to show surprise: «Land ho!» means «land ahead!».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:m1:1
# text = A shout to get attention or to show surprise: «Land ho!» means «land ahead!».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
16	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive | a shout *not said here* | attention |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | a shout *not said here* | surprise and Land ho |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |
| 3 | **mean** | present | a shout | land |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ho ho ho!» is the laugh of Father Christmas (Santa).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:m2:1
# text = «Ho ho ho!» is the laugh of Father Christmas (Santa).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ho	Ho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
12	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ho ho ho | the laugh |  |  |  | of Father Christmas | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very rude, insulting word for a woman, taken from «whore»; never use it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:m3:1
# text = A very rude, insulting word for a woman, taken from «whore»; never use it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	insulting	insulting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	whore	whore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | participle |  | a woman *not said here* |  | whore |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from whore=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **not** **use** | infinitive |  | whore |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Land ho!» shouted the sailor from the mast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x1:1
# text = «Land ho!» shouted the sailor from the mast.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Land ho | the sailor |  | the mast |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sailor=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ho ho ho! Merry Christmas!» laughed Santa.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Ho ho ho!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x2:1
# text = «Ho ho ho!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ho	Ho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Merry Christmas!» laughed Santa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x2:2
# text = Merry Christmas!» laughed Santa.
1	Merry	Merry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** *in a quote* | past | Merry Christmas | Santa |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent santa=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Westward Ho! is a village in Devon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x3:1
# text = Westward Ho! is a village in Devon.
1	Westward	Westward	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Ho	Ho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Devon	Devon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Westward | a village |  | Devon |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ho there!» called the guard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x4:1
# text = «Ho there!» called the guard.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ho	Ho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the guard |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That word in the song is a rude insult, so we don't say it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ho:x5:1
# text = That word in the song is a rude insult, so we don't say it.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	parataxis	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that word in the song | a rude insult |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | we | word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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