---
title: hoarse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hoarse» in the school dictionary: A hoarse voice sounds rough, deep and croaky, often because you have a sore throat, a cold, or have been shouting a lot. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hoarse/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / hoarse

# hoarse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hoarse voice, you, I, voice, she, teacher · **What happens:** sound, have, shout, be, say, sing · **To what, where:** sore throat, lot, myself, cold, hoarse whisper, concert · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hoarse» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hoarse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hoarse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hoarse voice sounds rough, deep and croaky, often because you have a sore throat, a cold, or have been shouting a lot.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:m1:1
# text = A hoarse voice sounds rough, deep and croaky, often because you have a sore throat, a cold, or have been shouting a lot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	croaky	croaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	aux	_	_
25	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | a hoarse voice |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | a sore throat and a cold |  |  |  | often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throat=Patient |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | present · perfect · progressive | you *not said here* | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I shouted myself hoarse at the football match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x1:1
# text = I shouted myself hoarse at the football match.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | I | myself |  |  |  | hoarse *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her voice was hoarse because she had a cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x2:1
# text = Her voice was hoarse because she had a cold.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her voice |  |  |  |  | hoarse *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | she | a cold |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher was hoarse by the end of the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x3:1
# text = The teacher was hoarse by the end of the day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the teacher |  |  |  | by the end of the day | hoarse *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Help,» he said in a hoarse whisper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x4:1
# text = «Help,» he said in a hoarse whisper.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	whisper	whisper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  | a hoarse whisper |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in whisper=Manner |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After singing in the concert, the choir was hoarse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x5:1
# text = After singing in the concert, the choir was hoarse.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | the choir *not said here* |  |  | the concert |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in concert=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | the choir |  |  |  |  | hoarse *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drink warm water and rest if your voice is hoarse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x6:1
# text = Drink warm water and rest if your voice is hoarse.
1	Drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | imperative | you *not said here* | warm water and rest |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | your voice |  |  |  |  | hoarse *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don’t you hear how hoarse I am?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoarse:x7:1
# text = Don’t you hear how hoarse I am?
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | hoarse *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hoard](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hoard/)
- next →: [hoary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hoary/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)