---
title: hobby — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hobby» in the school dictionary: Something you enjoy doing in your free time, not as a job, such as drawing, football, collecting or gardening. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hobby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, hobby horse, children, hobby, hobbies, She · **What happens:** enjoy, do, collect, garden, be, make · **To what, where:** Something, toy horse, that, stamps, lake, painting

<!-- .vabout -->
«hobby» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hobby in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hobby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something you enjoy doing in your free time, not as a job, such as drawing, football, collecting or gardening.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:m1:1
# text = Something you enjoy doing in your free time, not as a job, such as drawing, football, collecting or gardening.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	collecting	collect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	gardening	garden	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoy** | present | you | Something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time | as a job and drawing and football | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **collect** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **garden** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hobby-horse is a toy horse, made of a stick with a horse's head, that children pretend to ride.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:m2:1
# text = A hobby-horse is a toy horse, made of a stick with a horse's head, that children pretend to ride.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
21	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	pretend	pretend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hobby horse | a toy horse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a toy horse *not said here* |  |  |  | of a stick with a horse's head | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **pretend** | present | children | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **ride** | to-infinitive | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My hobby is collecting stamps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x1:1
# text = My hobby is collecting stamps.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	collecting	collect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present · progressive | My hobby | stamps |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's hobby is fishing at the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x2:1
# text = Dad's hobby is fishing at the lake.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	fishing	fish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fish** | present · progressive | Dad's hobby |  |  | the lake |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at lake=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What are your hobbies?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x3:1
# text = What are your hobbies?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hobbies	hobby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | your hobbies |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took up painting as a new hobby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x4:1
# text = She took up painting as a new hobby.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | past | She | painting |  |  |  | as a new hobby | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent painting=Theme as hobby=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Building models is a fun hobby for rainy days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x5:1
# text = Building models is a fun hobby for rainy days.
1	Building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Building models | a fun hobby |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa plays the violin as a hobby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x6:1
# text = Grandpa plays the violin as a hobby.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | Grandpa | the violin |  |  |  | as a hobby | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violin=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hobby can help you relax after school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x7:1
# text = A hobby can help you relax after school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	relax	relax	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | a hobby | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **relax** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | after school |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sweet children rode on their hobby-horses through all the rooms when they came to see the grandparents.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hobby:x8:1
# text = The sweet children rode on their hobby-horses through all the rooms when they came to see the grandparents.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rode	rode	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rode** | present | the sweet children |  |  | all rooms |  | on children's hobby horses | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | children *= child* *not said here* | the grandparents |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grandparent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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