---
title: hoe — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hoe» in the school dictionary: A garden tool with a long handle and a flat blade, used to cut weeds and loosen the soil. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hoe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandad, We, water, farmer, you, gardener · **What happens:** use, cut, loosen, dig, weed, spell · **To what, where:** garden tool, weeds, soil, ho, hoe, vegetable patch

<!-- .vabout -->
«hoe» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hoe in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hoe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A garden tool with a long handle and a flat blade, used to cut weeds and loosen the soil.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:m1:1
# text = A garden tool with a long handle and a flat blade, used to cut weeds and loosen the soil.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	loosen	loosen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a garden tool with a long handle and a flat blade *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  | weeds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset weed=Product |
| 3 | **loosen** | infinitive |  | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dig, weed or loosen soil with a hoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:m2:1
# text = To dig, weed or loosen soil with a hoe.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dig	dig	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	weed	weed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	loosen	loosen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hoe	hoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weed** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **loosen** | infinitive |  | soil |  |  |  | with a hoe | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent soil=Patient with hoe=Instrument |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spelling of «ho», a very rude insulting word for a woman; not for school.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:m3:1
# text = A spelling of «ho», a very rude insulting word for a woman; not for school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	insulting	insulting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** |  |  | ho |  |  |  |  | nom spelling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad used a hoe to cut the weeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x1:1
# text = Grandad used a hoe to cut the weeds.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hoe	hoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Grandad | a hoe |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoe=Patient |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | Grandad *not said here* | the weeds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset weed=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We hoed the vegetable patch at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x2:1
# text = We hoed the vegetable patch at school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hoed	hoe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hoe** | past | We | the vegetable patch |  | school |  |  | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent patch=Theme at school=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hoeing loosens the soil so water can sink in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x3:1
# text = Hoeing loosens the soil so water can sink in.
1	Hoeing	hoe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loosens	loosen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	sink	sink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hoe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **loosen** | present |  | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |
| 3 | **sink in** | can | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer hoed between the rows of potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x4:1
# text = The farmer hoed between the rows of potatoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hoed	hoe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hoe** | past | the farmer |  |  | the rows of potatoes |  |  | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent between row=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave the hoe in the shed when you finish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x5:1
# text = Leave the hoe in the shed when you finish.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hoe	hoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	finish	finish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | the hoe |  | the shed |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hoe=Theme in shed=Location |
| 2 | **finish** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gardener rested on his hoe and smiled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x6:1
# text = The gardener rested on his hoe and smiled.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rested	rest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hoe	hoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | past | the gardener |  |  | gardener's hoe |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent on hoe=Location |
| 2 | **smile** | past | the gardener *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first thing he saw was Mr. McGregor hoeing onions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hoe:x7:1
# text = The first thing he saw was Mr. McGregor hoeing onions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:desc	_	_
8	McGregor	McGregor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	hoeing	hoe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	onions	onion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | he | the first thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the first thing | McGregor |  |  |  | Mr. *nmod:desc* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hoe** | gerund | McGregor *not said here* | onions |  |  |  |  | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent onion=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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