---
title: hogmanay — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hogmanay» in the school dictionary: The Scottish name for New Year's Eve, 31 December, and the parties and customs that celebrate the start of the new year. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hogmanay

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**Who acts:** parties, We, everyone, Gran, fireworks, Hogmanay · **What happens:** celebrate, start, go, sing, set out, light up · **To what, where:** start, new year, Edinburgh, Auld, Hogmanay, shortbread

<!-- .vabout -->
«hogmanay» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hogmanay in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hogmanay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Scottish name for New Year's Eve, 31 December, and the parties and customs that celebrate the start of the new year.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:m1:1
# text = The Scottish name for New Year's Eve, 31 December, and the parties and customs that celebrate the start of the new year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	Eve	Eve	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	appos	_	_
11	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | the parties and customs | the start of the new year |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent start=Theme |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | the new year |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went to Edinburgh for Hogmanay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x1:1
# text = We went to Edinburgh for Hogmanay.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | Edinburgh |  | for Hogmanay | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to edinburgh=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At Hogmanay, everyone sang «Auld Lang Syne».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x2:1
# text = At Hogmanay, everyone sang «Auld Lang Syne».
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Auld	Auld	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	Lang	Lang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	Syne	Syne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | everyone | Auld |  | Hogmanay |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location auld=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran sets out shortbread for first-footers at Hogmanay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x3:1
# text = Gran sets out shortbread for first-footers at Hogmanay.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sets	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	shortbread	shortbread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	footers	footer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set out** | present | Gran | shortbread |  |  |  | for first footers at Hogmanay | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fireworks at Hogmanay lit up the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x4:1
# text = The fireworks at Hogmanay lit up the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	lit	light	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light up** | past | the fireworks at Hogmanay | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Scotland, Hogmanay is sometimes bigger than Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x5:1
# text = In Scotland, Hogmanay is sometimes bigger than Christmas.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
7	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hogmanay |  |  | Scotland |  | than Christmas; big, sometimes *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stayed up until midnight on Hogmanay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hogmanay:x6:1
# text = We stayed up until midnight on Hogmanay.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	until	until	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Hogmanay	Hogmanay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay up** | past | We |  |  | Hogmanay | midnight |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hogmanay=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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