---
title: holocaust — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «holocaust» in the school dictionary: The Holocaust (capital H) was the murder of about six million Jewish people, and many others such as Roma, disabled people and gay people, by the Nazis in Germany and lands they controlled during the Second World War. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependenc
---

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# holocaust

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Holocaust, lands, We, Holocaust survivor, us, hatred · **What happens:** be, control, burn, read, learn, come · **To what, where:** murder, lands, sacrifice, Diary, million Jews, Holocaust · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«holocaust» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [holocaust in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/holocaust.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Holocaust (capital H) was the murder of about six million Jewish people, and many others such as Roma, disabled people and gay people, by the Nazis in Germany and lands they controlled during the Second World War.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:m1:1
# text = The Holocaust (capital H) was the murder of about six million Jewish people, and many others such as Roma, disabled people and gay people, by the Nazis in Germany and lands they controlled during the Second World War.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	H	H	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	murder	murder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
14	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
20	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	disabled	disabled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	gay	gay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Nazis	Nazi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	parataxis	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	controlled	control	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
39	during	during	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
41	Second	Second	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	43	amod	_	_
42	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Holocaust | the murder and many others such Roma and disabled people and gay people |  |  |  | of million Jewish people | tree rules |
| 2 | **control** | past | lands *= land* | lands *not said here* |  |  | during the Second World War |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: lower case — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge destruction and killing, especially by fire or nuclear war: «a nuclear holocaust».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:m2:1
# text = A huge destruction and killing, especially by fire or nuclear war: «a nuclear holocaust».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	holocaust	holocaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sacrifice that was completely burned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:m3:1
# text = A sacrifice that was completely burned.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sacrifice	sacrifice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · passive |  | a sacrifice |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read The Diary of Anne Frank to learn about the Holocaust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x1:1
# text = We read The Diary of Anne Frank to learn about the Holocaust.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Diary	Diary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Anne	Anne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	Frank	Frank	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | the Diary of Anne |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diary=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the Holocaust | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about holocaust=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Holocaust survivor came to speak to our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x2:1
# text = A Holocaust survivor came to speak to our school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	survivor	survivor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a Holocaust survivor |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | a Holocaust survivor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to our school | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to school=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x3:1
# text = Six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust.
1	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	compound	_	_
2	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	murdered	murder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **murder** | past · passive |  | million Jews |  | the Holocaust |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Holocaust Memorial Day helps us remember.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x4:1
# text = Holocaust Memorial Day helps us remember.
1	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Memorial	Memorial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Holocaust | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **remember** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Holocaust shows where hatred can lead.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x5:1
# text = The Holocaust shows where hatred can lead.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Holocaust	Holocaust	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
5	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the Holocaust |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lead** | can | hatred |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film warned of a nuclear holocaust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:holocaust:x6:1
# text = The film warned of a nuclear holocaust.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	holocaust	holocaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | the film |  |  |  |  | of a nuclear holocaust | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of holocaust=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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