---
title: homeless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «homeless» in the school dictionary: Someone who is homeless has no home and may sleep outside, in a shelter or on friends' sofas. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# homeless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Someone, homeless, people, flood, class, homeless man · **What happens:** be, have, sleep, mean, leave, collect · **To what, where:** home, shelter, people, food, warm meals, homeless

<!-- .vabout -->
«homeless» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [homeless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/homeless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who is homeless has no home and may sleep outside, in a shelter or on friends' sofas.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:m1:1
# text = Someone who is homeless has no home and may sleep outside, in a shelter or on friends' sofas.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	sofas	sofa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | homeless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | Someone | no home |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient |
| 3 | **sleep** | may | Someone *not said here* |  |  | a shelter or friends's sofas |  | outside *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in shelter=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The homeless» means all the people who have no home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:m2:1
# text = «The homeless» means all the people who have no home.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the homeless | all people |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | all people | no home |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flood left many families homeless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x1:1
# text = The flood left many families homeless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the flood |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class collected food for a homeless shelter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x2:1
# text = Our class collected food for a homeless shelter.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | Our class | food |  |  |  | for a homeless shelter | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A homeless man sat by the station with his dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x3:1
# text = A homeless man sat by the station with his dog.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | a homeless man |  |  |  |  | by the station; with man's dog | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by station=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The charity gives warm meals to the homeless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x4:1
# text = The charity gives warm meals to the homeless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	meals	meal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the charity | warm meals | the homeless |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent meal=Theme to homeless=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing his job made him homeless for a year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x5:1
# text = Losing his job made him homeless for a year.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | his job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make** | past | Losing | him *= he* |  |  |  | homeless *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |
| 3 | **job** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shelter has 40 beds; 32 are full, so 8 are free.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x6:1
# text = The shelter has 40 beds; 32 are full, so 8 are free.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	32	32	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the shelter | 40 beds |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | 32 |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | 8 |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being homeless can happen to anyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x7:1
# text = Being homeless can happen to anyone.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | homeless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | can |  |  |  |  |  | to anyone | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whole villages were destroyed, rice-fields burnt up, river beds filled with the burning lava, and the homeless people were in great distress.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:homeless:x8:1
# text = Whole villages were destroyed, rice-fields burnt up, river beds filled with the burning lava, and the homeless people were in great distress.
1	Whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	homeless	homeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive |  | Whole villages |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **burnt up** | participle | rice fields | river beds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fill** | participle |  | river beds *not said here* |  |  |  | with the burning lava | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with lava=Instrument |
| 4 | **is** | past | the homeless people |  |  | great distress |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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