---
title: hop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hop» in the school dictionary: To hop is to jump on one foot. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hop

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hop, Hops, frog, It, rabbit, you · **What happens:** hop, be, use, make, play, hop out · **To what, where:** one foot, small jumps, one small jump, plant, beer, 3 metres

<!-- .vabout -->
«hop» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hop is to jump on one foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:m1:1
# text = To hop is to jump on one foot.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | one foot |  | jump *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hop is to move in small jumps, like a rabbit, a frog or a bird.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:m2:1
# text = To hop is to move in small jumps, like a rabbit, a frog or a bird.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	jumps	jump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | small jumps like a rabbit and a frog or a bird |  | move *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hop on or off is to get on or off a bus, bike or train quickly.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:m3:1
# text = To hop on or off is to get on or off a bus, bike or train quickly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	off	off	ADV	RB	_	2	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on off=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | get, quickly *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hop is one small jump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:m4:1
# text = A hop is one small jump.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hop	hop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hop | one small jump |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hops are a plant used in making beer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:m5:1
# text = Hops are a plant used in making beer.
1	Hops	hop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hops | a plant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a plant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | gerund |  | beer |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset beer=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frog hops 3 metres each time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x1:1
# text = The frog hops 3 metres each time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hops	hop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | present | the frog | 3 metres |  |  | time |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It hops 5 times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x2:1
# text = It hops 5 times.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hops	hop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | present | It |  |  |  | time |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How far did it hop?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x3:1
# text = How far did it hop?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | past · do-support | it |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rabbit hops 2 steps forward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x4:1
# text = A rabbit hops 2 steps forward.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hops	hop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | present | a rabbit | 2 steps |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme step=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you hop on one leg for ten seconds?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x5:1
# text = Can you hop on one leg for ten seconds?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | can | you |  |  | one leg | second |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kangaroo hopped across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x6:1
# text = The kangaroo hopped across the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | past | the kangaroo |  |  | the field |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across field=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played hopscotch in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x7:1
# text = We played hopscotch in the playground.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hopscotch	hopscotch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | hopscotch |  | the playground |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hopscotch=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hop on the bus, we're late!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x8:1
# text = Hop on the bus, we're late!
1	Hop	hop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hop on the bus |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the number line, hop from 4 to 10 in jumps of 2.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x9:1
# text = On the number line, hop from 4 to 10 in jumps of 2.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	hop	hop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	jumps	jump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the number line |  | from 4 to 10; in jumps of 2 | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on line=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sparrow hopped along the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x10:1
# text = The sparrow hopped along the fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | past | the sparrow |  |  | the fence |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along fence=Trajectory |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he hopped out on the deck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hop:x11:1
# text = Then he hopped out on the deck.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	deck	deck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop out** | past | he |  |  | the deck | then |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on deck=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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