---
title: horizon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horizon» in the school dictionary: The horizon is the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horizon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** horizon, land, horizons, you, sun, ship · **What happens:** be, seem, meet, know, experience, broaden · **To what, where:** line, sky, limits, horizons, new things, horizon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«horizon» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horizon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horizon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horizon is the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:m1:1
# text = The horizon is the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the horizon | the line |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **seem** | present | the land or sea |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **meet** | to-infinitive | the land or sea *not said here* | the sky |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sky=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your horizons are the limits of what you know and have experienced; to broaden your horizons means to learn and see new things.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:m2:1
# text = Your horizons are the limits of what you know and have experienced; to broaden your horizons means to learn and see new things.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	horizons	horizon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	broaden	broaden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	csubj	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	horizons	horizon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
23	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your horizons | the limits |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **experience** | present · perfect | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **broaden** | to-infinitive |  | your horizons |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent horizon=Patient |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **learn** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **see** | infinitive |  | new things |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the horizon means likely to happen soon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:m3:1
# text = On the horizon means likely to happen soon.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the horizon |  | likely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **happen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun sank below the horizon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x1:1
# text = The sun sank below the horizon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	below	below	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | the sun |  |  | the horizon |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ship appeared on the horizon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x2:1
# text = A ship appeared on the horizon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | past | a ship |  |  | the horizon |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on horizon=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We could see mountains on the horizon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x3:1
# text = We could see mountains on the horizon.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | We | mountains |  | the horizon |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mountain=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships seem to sink over the horizon because the Earth is curved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x4:1
# text = Ships seem to sink over the horizon because the Earth is curved.
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sink	sink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | Ships |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **sink** | to-infinitive | Ships *not said here* |  |  | the horizon |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **curve** | present · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: subject=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a horizon line across your page first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x5:1
# text = Draw a horizon line across your page first.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a horizon line |  | your page |  | first *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |
| 2 | **page** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom page «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Travelling broadens your horizons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x6:1
# text = Travelling broadens your horizons.
1	Travelling	travelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broadens	broaden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	horizons	horizon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **broaden** | present | Travelling | your horizons |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent horizon=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are big changes on the horizon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x7:1
# text = There are big changes on the horizon.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | big changes on the horizon |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky was pink along the horizon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x8:1
# text = The sky was pink along the horizon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sky |  |  |  |  | along the horizon; pink *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A silvery thread among the stars, it soon drifted low beneath the horizon.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizon:x9:1
# text = A silvery thread among the stars, it soon drifted low beneath the horizon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	silvery	silvery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	drifted	drift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | past | a silvery thread among the stars |  |  | the horizon |  | low, soon *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath horizon=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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