---
title: horizontal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horizontal» in the school dictionary: Flat and level, going straight from side to side, parallel to the ground or the horizon. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horizontal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Flat level, horizontal line, horizontal, you, x axis, water · **What happens:** go, leave, be, draw, stay, tip · **To what, where:** side, page, right, horizontal line, horizontal, body horizontal

<!-- .vabout -->
«horizontal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horizontal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horizontal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flat and level, going straight from side to side, parallel to the ground or the horizon.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:m1:1
# text = Flat and level, going straight from side to side, parallel to the ground or the horizon.
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	parallel	parallel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund | Flat level and parallel to the ground or the horizon *not said here* |  |  | side |  | to side | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from side=Initial\_Location to side=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horizontal line goes across the page, from left to right, like the x-axis.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:m2:1
# text = A horizontal line goes across the page, from left to right, like the x-axis.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a horizontal line |  |  | the page |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across page=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **leave** | participle | a horizontal line *not said here* |  |  | right |  | like the x axis | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to right=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horizontal is a horizontal line or position.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:m3:1
# text = The horizontal is a horizontal line or position.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the horizontal | a horizontal line or position |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a horizontal line across the page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x1:1
# text = Draw a horizontal line across the page.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a horizontal line |  | the page |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The x-axis on a graph is horizontal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x2:1
# text = The x-axis on a graph is horizontal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the x axis on a graph | horizontal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water in a glass stays horizontal even when you tip it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x3:1
# text = The water in a glass stays horizontal even when you tip it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	tip	tip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | the water in a glass | horizontal |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme horizontal=Location |
| 2 | **tip** | present | you | horizontal |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shelf must be horizontal or things will roll off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x4:1
# text = A shelf must be horizontal or things will roll off.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	horizontal	horizontal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | a shelf |  |  |  |  | horizontal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **roll off** | future | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vertical lines go up and down, horizontal lines go across.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x5:1
# text = Vertical lines go up and down, horizontal lines go across.
1	Vertical	vertical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	across	across	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | Vertical lines |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **go** | present | horizontal lines |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gymnast held her body horizontal on the bar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horizontal:x6:1
# text = The gymnast held her body horizontal on the bar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gymnast	gymnast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the gymnast | gymnast's body horizontal |  | the bar |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horizontal=Theme on bar=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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