---
title: hornbill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hornbill» in the school dictionary: A hornbill is a tropical bird from Africa and Asia with a very large curved beak, often with a hard bump called a casque on top of it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hornbill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hornbill, hard bump, great hornbill, female hornbill, chicks, Zazu · **What happens:** be, curve, call, have, help, drop · **To what, where:** tropical bird, Africa, casque, top, huge yellow beak, forest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hornbill» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hornbill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hornbill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hornbill is a tropical bird from Africa and Asia with a very large curved beak, often with a hard bump called a casque on top of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:m1:1
# text = A hornbill is a tropical bird from Africa and Asia with a very large curved beak, often with a hard bump called a casque on top of it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hornbill | a tropical bird |  | Africa and Asia |  | with a large curved beak and a hard bump | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **call** | participle | a hard bump *not said here* | a casque |  | top of hornbill |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent casque=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hornbill has a huge yellow beak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x1:1
# text = The hornbill has a huge yellow beak.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the hornbill | a huge yellow beak |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hornbill helps the forest by dropping seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x2:1
# text = A hornbill helps the forest by dropping seeds.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a hornbill | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **drop** | gerund | a hornbill *not said here* | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great hornbill lives in the forests of India and Southeast Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x3:1
# text = The great hornbill lives in the forests of India and Southeast Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the great hornbill |  |  | the forests of India and Southeast Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The female hornbill stays sealed in her nest while the chicks grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x4:1
# text = The female hornbill stays sealed in her nest while the chicks grow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sealed	seal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	chicks	chick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | the female hornbill |  |  | hornbill's nest |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **seal** | participle | the female hornbill *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **grow** | present | the chicks |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zazu in «The Lion King» is a red-billed hornbill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x5:1
# text = Zazu in «The Lion King» is a red-billed hornbill.
1	Zazu	Zazu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	billed	bill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Zazu in the Lion King | a billed hornbill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hornbill's casque sits on top of its beak like a helmet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x6:1
# text = The hornbill's casque sits on top of its beak like a helmet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	casque	casque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | the hornbill's casque |  |  | top of casque's beak like a helmet |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the loud whoosh of a hornbill's wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x7:1
# text = We heard the loud whoosh of a hornbill's wings.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	whoosh	whoosh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the loud whoosh of a hornbill's wings |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer whoosh=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some hornbills are endangered because forests are cut down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornbill:x8:1
# text = Some hornbills are endangered because forests are cut down.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	hornbills	hornbill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some hornbills |  |  |  |  | endangered *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | forests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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