---
title: hornless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hornless» in the school dictionary: Hornless means having no horns. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hornless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hornless, breeds, farmer, goats, rangers, Female deer · **What happens:** mean, have, be, prefer, cut off, protect · **To what, where:** horns, hornless goats, horn, rhino, antlers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hornless» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hornless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hornless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hornless means having no horns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:m1:1
# text = Hornless means having no horns.
1	Hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Hornless |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Hornless *not said here* | no horns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some breeds of cow are naturally hornless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x1:1
# text = Some breeds of cow are naturally hornless.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	breeds	breed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	naturally	naturally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some breeds of cow |  |  |  |  | hornless, naturally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer prefers hornless goats because they are safer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x2:1
# text = The farmer prefers hornless goats because they are safer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	safer	safe	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | the farmer | hornless goats |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer goat=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | goats *= goat* |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rhino whose horn has been cut off by rangers to protect it from poachers is left hornless for a while.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x3:1
# text = A rhino whose horn has been cut off by rangers to protect it from poachers is left hornless for a while.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rhino	rhino	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	rangers	ranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	poachers	poacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
18	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | present · perfect · passive | rangers | horn |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | rangers *not said here* | horn |  |  |  | from poachers | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary from poacher=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | present · passive |  | a rhino |  |  | while | hornless *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Female deer are usually hornless; we say they have no antlers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x4:1
# text = Female deer are usually hornless; we say they have no antlers.
1	Female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Female deer |  |  |  |  | hornless, usually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | present | deer | no antlers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hornless sheep grazed quietly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x5:1
# text = The hornless sheep grazed quietly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past | the hornless sheep |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polled cattle are hornless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hornless:x6:1
# text = Polled cattle are hornless.
1	Polled	poll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hornless	hornless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **poll** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Polled cattle |  |  |  |  | hornless *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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