---
title: horseback — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horseback» in the school dictionary: On horseback means riding on a horse. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horseback

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**Who acts:** Horseback, knights, police, We, Messengers, Cowboys · **What happens:** mean, ride, describe, do, patrol, go · **To what, where:** horseback, something, horse, battle, park, horseback riding

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«horseback» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horseback in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horseback.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On horseback means riding on a horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:m1:1
# text = On horseback means riding on a horse.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | horseback |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **ride** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | on a horse | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horseback describes something done while riding a horse, like horseback riding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:m2:1
# text = Horseback describes something done while riding a horse, like horseback riding.
1	Horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Horseback | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ride** | gerund | Horseback *not said here* | a horse |  |  |  | like horseback riding | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knights rode into battle on horseback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x1:1
# text = The knights rode into battle on horseback.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the knights |  |  | battle |  | on horseback | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into battle=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police patrol the park on horseback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x2:1
# text = The police patrol the park on horseback.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	patrol	patrol	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patrol** | present | the police | the park |  | horseback |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent park=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went horseback riding on our holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x3:1
# text = We went horseback riding on our holiday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We | horseback riding |  | our holiday |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location riding=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Messengers on horseback carried the news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x4:1
# text = Messengers on horseback carried the news.
1	Messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Messengers on horseback | the news |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cowboys herded cattle on horseback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x5:1
# text = Cowboys herded cattle on horseback.
1	Cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	herded	herd	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | past | Cowboys | cattle |  | horseback |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took three days to cross the hills on horseback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x6:1
# text = It took three days to cross the hills on horseback.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It |  |  |  | day |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | the hills |  | horseback |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then two young fellows came gallopping up on horseback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseback:x7:1
# text = Then two young fellows came gallopping up on horseback.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	gallopping	gallopp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | two young fellows |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gallopp up** | gerund | two young fellows *not said here* |  |  | horseback |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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