---
title: horseflesh — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horseflesh» in the school dictionary: Horseflesh is the meat of a horse, which some people eat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horseflesh

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**Who acts:** Horseflesh, people, poor family, merchant, he · **What happens:** be, eat, mean, buy, sell, ride · **To what, where:** meat, horses, horseflesh, much horseflesh, fair, village

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«horseflesh» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horseflesh in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horseflesh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horseflesh is the meat of a horse, which some people eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:m1:1
# text = Horseflesh is the meat of a horse, which some people eat.
1	Horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Horseflesh | the meat |  |  |  | of a horse | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | present | some people | the meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horseflesh means horses in general, especially horses bought, sold or ridden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:m2:1
# text = Horseflesh means horses in general, especially horses bought, sold or ridden.
1	Horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
9	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ridden	ride	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Horseflesh | horses |  |  |  | in general | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot horse=Theme in general=Attribute |
| 2 | **buy** | participle |  | horses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sell** | participle |  | horses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **ride** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people in France eat horseflesh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:x1:1
# text = Some people in France eat horseflesh.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | some people in France | horseflesh |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horseflesh=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poor family had no meat but horseflesh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:x2:1
# text = The poor family had no meat but horseflesh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the poor family | no meat but horseflesh |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The merchant bought much horseflesh at the fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:x3:1
# text = The merchant bought much horseflesh at the fair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | the merchant | much horseflesh |  | the fair |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent horseflesh=Theme at fair=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horseflesh was cheap in that village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:x4:1
# text = Horseflesh was cheap in that village.
1	Horseflesh	Horseflesh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Horseflesh |  |  | that village |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How did he get so much horseflesh?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseflesh:x5:1
# text = How did he get so much horseflesh?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	horseflesh	horseflesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past · do-support | he | much horseflesh |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horseflesh=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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