---
title: horsehair — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horsehair» in the school dictionary: Horsehair is the hair from a horse's mane or tail, used to make things such as violin bows, brushes and stuffing for old furniture. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horsehair

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Horsehair, you, scratchy horsehair mattress · **What happens:** be, use, make, stuff, string, play · **To what, where:** hair, mane, things, violin bow, old sofa, wigs

<!-- .vabout -->
«horsehair» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horsehair in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horsehair.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horsehair is the hair from a horse's mane or tail, used to make things such as violin bows, brushes and stuffing for old furniture.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:m1:1
# text = Horsehair is the hair from a horse's mane or tail, used to make things such as violin bows, brushes and stuffing for old furniture.
1	Horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	mane	mane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	brushes	brush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	stuffing	stuff	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Horsehair | the hair |  | a horse's mane or tail |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  | such violin bows and brushes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |
| 4 | **stuff** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for old furniture | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A violin bow is strung with horsehair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x1:1
# text = A violin bow is strung with horsehair.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	strung	string	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **string** | present · passive |  | a violin bow |  |  |  | with horsehair | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with horsehair=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old sofa was stuffed with horsehair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x2:1
# text = The old sofa was stuffed with horsehair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	stuffed	stuff	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stuff** | past · passive |  | the old sofa |  |  |  | with horsehair | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with horsehair=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
British judges' wigs are made of horsehair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x3:1
# text = British judges' wigs are made of horsehair.
1	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wigs	wig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | British judges's wigs |  |  |  | of horsehair | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rub rosin on the horsehair before you play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x4:1
# text = Rub rosin on the horsehair before you play.
1	Rub	rub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rosin	rosin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | you | the horsehair *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horsehair=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paintbrush was made of horsehair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x5:1
# text = The paintbrush was made of horsehair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	paintbrush	paintbrush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the paintbrush |  |  |  | of horsehair | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scratchy horsehair mattress was uncomfortable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horsehair:x6:1
# text = The scratchy horsehair mattress was uncomfortable.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	scratchy	scratchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	horsehair	horsehair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	mattress	mattress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	uncomfortable	uncomfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the scratchy horsehair mattress |  |  |  |  | uncomfortable *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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