---
title: horseman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horseman» in the school dictionary: A horseman is a man who rides a horse, especially one who rides well. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horseman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** horseman, man, Four Horsemen, four riders, lone horseman, Grandad · **What happens:** be, ride, stand, stop, bring, want · **To what, where:** man, horse, soldier, horseback, four riders, Book

<!-- .vabout -->
«horseman» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horseman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horseman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseman is a man who rides a horse, especially one who rides well.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:m1:1
# text = A horseman is a man who rides a horse, especially one who rides well.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a horseman | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ride** | present | a man | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 3 | **ride** | present |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseman is a soldier or traveller on horseback in history and stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:m2:1
# text = A horseman is a soldier or traveller on horseback in history and stories.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a horseman | a soldier or traveller |  | horseback in history and stories |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are four riders in the Book of Revelation who stand for war, famine, disease and death.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:m3:1
# text = The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are four riders in the Book of Revelation who stand for war, famine, disease and death.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	Horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Apocalypse	Apocalypse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	riders	rider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Revelation	Revelation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse | four riders |  | the Book of Revelation |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | four riders |  |  |  |  | for war and famine and disease and death | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for war=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lone horseman rode across the hills at sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x1:1
# text = A lone horseman rode across the hills at sunset.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lone	lone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | a lone horseman |  |  | the hills | sunset |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across hill=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad was a fine horseman when he was young.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x2:1
# text = Grandad was a fine horseman when he was young.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Grandad | a fine horseman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mongol horsemen could ride for days without stopping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x3:1
# text = The Mongol horsemen could ride for days without stopping.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mongol	mongol	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | could | the Mongol horsemen |  |  |  | day |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | the Mongol horsemen *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseman brought the news of the battle to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x4:1
# text = A horseman brought the news of the battle to the king.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | a horseman | the news of the battle to the king |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent news=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin wants to be a horsewoman and enter show jumping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x5:1
# text = My cousin wants to be a horsewoman and enter show jumping.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horsewoman	horsewoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	enter	enter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | My cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a horsewoman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **enter** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **jump** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Headless Horseman chases Ichabod Crane in the old American story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x6:1
# text = The Headless Horseman chases Ichabod Crane in the old American story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Headless	headless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	chases	chase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Ichabod	Ichabod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Crane	Crane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | present | the Headless Horseman | Ichabod Crane |  | the old American story |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent crane=Theme in story=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible the Four Horsemen appear in the Book of Revelation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x7:1
# text = In the Bible the Four Horsemen appear in the Book of Revelation.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	Horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Revelation	Revelation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present | the Four Horsemen |  |  | the Bible |  | in the Book of Revelation | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bible=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ten horsemen trotted past the farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x8:1
# text = Ten horsemen trotted past the farm.
1	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	trotted	trot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trot** | past | Ten horsemen |  |  | the farm |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past farm=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last the horseman reached the foot of the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseman:x9:1
# text = At last the horseman reached the foot of the hill.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | the last horseman | the foot of the hill |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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