---
title: horseshoe — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horseshoe» in the school dictionary: A U-shaped piece of metal nailed to the bottom of a horse's hoof to protect it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horseshoe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** farrier, horseshoe, We, river, Horses · **What happens:** shape, nail, protect, hang, pick up, set out · **To what, where:** shaped piece, hoof, new horseshoe, front door, paper clips, tables

<!-- .vabout -->
«horseshoe» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horseshoe in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horseshoe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A U-shaped piece of metal nailed to the bottom of a horse's hoof to protect it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:m1:1
# text = A U-shaped piece of metal nailed to the bottom of a horse's hoof to protect it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	nailed	nail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	hoof	hoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **nail** | participle |  | a shaped piece of metal *not said here* |  |  |  | to the bottom of a horse's hoof | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to bottom=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  | hoof |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anything shaped like a U, as in a horseshoe magnet or a horseshoe bend in a river.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:m2:1
# text = Anything shaped like a U, as in a horseshoe magnet or a horseshoe bend in a river.
1	Anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a U | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farrier nailed a new horseshoe on the pony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x1:1
# text = The farrier nailed a new horseshoe on the pony.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farrier	farrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nailed	nail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nail** | past | the farrier | a new horseshoe |  |  |  | on the pony | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Patient on pony=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseshoe hangs above our front door for luck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x2:1
# text = A horseshoe hangs above our front door for luck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | a horseshoe |  |  | our front door |  | for luck | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above door=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We picked up paper clips with a horseshoe magnet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x3:1
# text = We picked up paper clips with a horseshoe magnet.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	clips	clip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick up** | past | We | paper clips |  |  |  | with a horseshoe magnet | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clip=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tables were set out in a horseshoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x4:1
# text = The tables were set out in a horseshoe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set out** | past · passive |  | the tables |  | a horseshoe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river makes a horseshoe bend near the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x5:1
# text = The river makes a horseshoe bend near the town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the river | a horseshoe bend |  | the town |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bend=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played a game of throwing horseshoes at a peg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x6:1
# text = We played a game of throwing horseshoes at a peg.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	throwing	throwing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	peg	peg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | a game of throwing horseshoes |  | a peg |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horses need new horseshoes every few weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoe:x7:1
# text = Horses need new horseshoes every few weeks.
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Horses | new horseshoes |  |  | week |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot horseshoe=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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