---
title: horseshoes — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «horseshoes» in the school dictionary: U-shaped metal plates nailed to the bottom of a horse's hooves to protect them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# horseshoes

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** players, horseshoe, blacksmith, horse, many horseshoes, 5 horses · **What happens:** shape, nail, protect, throw, be, need · **To what, where:** shaped metal plates, hooves, horseshoes, game, sign, new horseshoes

<!-- .vabout -->
«horseshoes» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [horseshoes in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/horseshoes.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
U-shaped metal plates nailed to the bottom of a horse's hooves to protect them.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:m1:1
# text = U-shaped metal plates nailed to the bottom of a horse's hooves to protect them.
1	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	nailed	nail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **nail** | participle |  | shaped metal plates *not said here* |  |  |  | to the bottom of a horse's hooves | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to bottom=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **protect** | to-infinitive |  | hooves *= hoove* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
horseshoes: a game in which players throw horseshoes at a metal stake in the ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:m2:1
# text = horseshoes: a game in which players throw horseshoes at a metal stake in the ground.
1	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	throw	throw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	stake	stake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | present | players | horseshoes |  | a game |  | at a metal stake; in the ground | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Theme in which=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something shaped like a U, such as a magnet; a horseshoe is a sign of good luck.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:m3:1
# text = Something shaped like a U, such as a magnet; a horseshoe is a sign of good luck.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a U | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a horseshoe | a sign |  |  |  | of good luck | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blacksmith nailed new horseshoes on the pony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x1:1
# text = The blacksmith nailed new horseshoes on the pony.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blacksmith	blacksmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nailed	nail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nail** | past | the blacksmith | new horseshoes |  |  |  | on the pony | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Patient on pony=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horse needs four horseshoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x2:1
# text = A horse needs four horseshoes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | a horse | four horseshoes |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot horseshoe=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many horseshoes do 5 horses need? Twenty.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How many horseshoes do 5 horses need?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x3:1
# text = How many horseshoes do 5 horses need?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | many horseshoes |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | 5 horses |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Twenty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x3:2
# text = Twenty.
1	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played horseshoes at the picnic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x4:1
# text = We played horseshoes at the picnic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	horseshoes	horseshoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | horseshoes |  | the picnic |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseshoe hangs over the door for luck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x5:1
# text = A horseshoe hangs over the door for luck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | a horseshoe |  |  | the door |  | for luck | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over door=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horseshoe magnet picked up the pins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:horseshoes:x6:1
# text = The horseshoe magnet picked up the pins.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pins	pin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick up** | participle | the horseshoe magnet *not said here* | the pins |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pin=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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