---
title: hostility — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hostility» in the school dictionary: Unfriendly, angry behaviour or feelings towards someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hostility

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hostility, new boy, plan, Hostilities, sides, cat · **What happens:** fight, be, feel, close, meet, end · **To what, where:** war, hostility, park, town, peace treaty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hostility» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hostility in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hostility.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unfriendly, angry behaviour or feelings towards someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:m1:1
# text = Unfriendly, angry behaviour or feelings towards someone.
1	Unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong opposition to an idea or plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:m2:1
# text = Strong opposition to an idea or plan.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: plural, hostilities, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fighting in a war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:m3:1
# text = Fighting in a war.
1	Fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | gerund |  |  |  | a war |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was hostility between the two rival teams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x1:1
# text = There was hostility between the two rival teams.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	rival	rival	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | hostility between the two rival teams |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new boy felt the hostility of the older children at first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x2:1
# text = The new boy felt the hostility of the older children at first.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the new boy | the hostility of the older children |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hostility=Theme at first=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plan to close the park met with hostility from the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x3:1
# text = The plan to close the park met with hostility from the town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | to-infinitive | the plan *not said here* | the park |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent park=Patient |
| 2 | **meet** | past | the plan |  |  | the town |  | with hostility | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with hostility=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hostilities ended when both sides signed a peace treaty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x4:1
# text = Hostilities ended when both sides signed a peace treaty.
1	Hostilities	hostility	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | Hostilities |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sign** | past | both sides | a peace treaty |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent treaty=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat looked at the puppy with hostility.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x5:1
# text = The cat looked at the puppy with hostility.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | at the puppy with hostility | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at puppy=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness can slowly melt hostility.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x6:1
# text = Kindness can slowly melt hostility.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | can | Kindness | hostility |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient hostility=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Why is there always this hostility between us?" they said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hostility:x7:1
# text = "Why is there always this hostility between us?" they said.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	ccomp	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | this hostility |  |  |  | between us; always *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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