---
title: howl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «howl» in the school dictionary: Of a wolf or dog: to make a long, loud, sad cry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# howl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wolves, wind, baby, We, howl, pain · **What happens:** make, cry, blow, wail, laugh, howl · **To what, where:** long loud sad cry, pain, house, ice cream, toe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«howl» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [howl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/howl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a wolf or dog: to make a long, loud, sad cry.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:m1:1
# text = Of a wolf or dog: to make a long, loud, sad cry.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a long loud sad cry |  |  |  | of a wolf or dog | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cry=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a person: to cry loudly in pain, anger or sadness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:m2:1
# text = Of a person: to cry loudly in pain, anger or sadness.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | pain and anger or sadness |  | of a person; loudly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pain=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the wind: to blow hard with a loud, wailing sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:m3:1
# text = Of the wind: to blow hard with a loud, wailing sound.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	blow	blow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	wailing	wail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of the wind; with a loud wailing sound; hard *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient of wind=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **wail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To laugh very loudly: «howl with laughter».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:m4:1
# text = To laugh very loudly: «howl with laughter».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	howl	howl	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **howl** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with laughter | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with laughter=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long, loud cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:m5:1
# text = A long, loud cry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolves howled at the full moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x1:1
# text = The wolves howled at the full moon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  | at the full moon | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at moon=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind howled around the house all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x2:1
# text = The wind howled around the house all night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | past | the wind |  |  | the house | night |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around house=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby howled when she dropped her ice cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x3:1
# text = The baby howled when she dropped her ice cream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | past | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drop** | past | baby | baby's ice cream |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We howled with laughter at the funny film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x4:1
# text = We howled with laughter at the funny film.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | past | We |  |  |  |  | with laughter; at the funny film | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at film=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a howl of pain when he stubbed his toe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x5:1
# text = There was a howl of pain when he stubbed his toe.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	howl	howl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stubbed	stub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a howl of pain |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stub** | past | howl | howl's toe |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toe=Patient |
| 3 | **howl** |  | pain |  |  |  |  |  | nom howl «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog howls whenever the fire engine goes past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howl:x6:1
# text = Our dog howls whenever the fire engine goes past.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	howls	howl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whenever	whenever	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	past	past	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | present | Our dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go past** | present | the fire engine |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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