---
title: howler — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «howler» in the school dictionary: A howler is a silly, obvious mistake, especially a funny one in writing or an exam. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# howler

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** howler, person, howler monkey, letter, Potter books, magic red letter · **What happens:** be, howl, shout, yell, write, invent · **To what, where:** silly obvious mistake, animal, large South, letter, reader, magic red letter

<!-- .vabout -->
«howler» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [howler in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/howler.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A howler is a silly, obvious mistake, especially a funny one in writing or an exam.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:m1:1
# text = A howler is a silly, obvious mistake, especially a funny one in writing or an exam.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	obvious	obvious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a howler | a silly obvious mistake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A howler is an animal or person that howls, such as a howler monkey.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:m2:1
# text = A howler is an animal or person that howls, such as a howler monkey.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	howls	howl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a howler | a animal or person and a howler monkey |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **howl** | present | person |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A howler monkey is a large South and Central American monkey with a very loud call.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:m3:1
# text = A howler monkey is a large South and Central American monkey with a very loud call.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a howler monkey | a large South and Central American monkey with a loud call |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A howler was a letter that shouted at its reader; in the Harry Potter books a Howler is a magic red letter that yells.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:m4:1
# text = A howler was a letter that shouted at its reader; in the Harry Potter books a Howler is a magic red letter that yells.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	Harry	Harry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Potter	Potter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	yells	yell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a howler | a letter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | a letter |  |  | howler's reader |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the Potter books | a magic red letter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **yell** *speech: express* | present | a magic red letter |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Writing that Shakespeare invented the telephone was a real howler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x1:1
# text = Writing that Shakespeare invented the telephone was a real howler.
1	Writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Shakespeare	Shakespeare	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **invent** | past | Shakespeare | the telephone |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telephone=Result |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Writing | a real howler |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goalkeeper made a howler and let the ball roll between his legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x2:1
# text = The goalkeeper made a howler and let the ball roll between his legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the goalkeeper | a howler |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset howler=Product |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | the goalkeeper *not said here* | the ball roll |  |  |  | between goalkeeper's legs | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roll=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Howler monkeys shout to each other across the rainforest at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x3:1
# text = Howler monkeys shout to each other across the rainforest at dawn.
1	Howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shout	shout	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	3	obl	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | present | Howler monkeys |  | each | the rainforest | dawn |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher collects the funniest howlers from exam papers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x4:1
# text = Our teacher collects the funniest howlers from exam papers.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funniest	funny	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	howlers	howler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | Our teacher | the funniest howlers |  | exam papers |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent howler=Theme from paper=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind was a howler that night, rattling every window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x5:1
# text = The wind was a howler that night, rattling every window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	rattling	rattle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the wind | a howler |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rattle** | gerund | a howler *not said here* | every window |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent window=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ron got a Howler from his mum, and it screamed at him in the Great Hall.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x6:1
# text = Ron got a Howler from his mum, and it screamed at him in the Great Hall.
1	Ron	ron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	screamed	scream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Hall	Hall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Ron | a Howler |  |  |  | from Ron's mum | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent howler=Theme from mum=Source |
| 2 | **scream** *speech: express* | past | Howler |  |  | the Great Hall |  | at Ron | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at he=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check your answer twice so you don't make a howler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:howler:x7:1
# text = Check your answer twice so you don't make a howler.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	advmod	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	howler	howler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your answer |  |  |  | twice *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **make** | present · do-support | you | a howler |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent howler=Product |
| 3 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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