---
title: hub — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hub» in the school dictionary: The centre of a wheel, where the spokes or axle are joined. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hub

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** device, spokes, library, London, you, town square · **What happens:** join, meet, be, plug, grease, turn · **To what, where:** centre, several cables, hub, big transport hub, mouse, USB hub

<!-- .vabout -->
«hub» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hub in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hub.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The centre of a wheel, where the spokes or axle are joined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:m1:1
# text = The centre of a wheel, where the spokes or axle are joined.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	spokes	spoke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive |  | the centre of a wheel |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The busiest or most important centre of an activity or place, as in «a transport hub».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:m2:1
# text = The busiest or most important centre of an activity or place, as in «a transport hub».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	busiest	busy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	transport	transport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A device that joins several cables or computers together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:m3:1
# text = A device that joins several cables or computers together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cables	cable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | a device | several cables or computers |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cable=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for «hubby» or «husband» — rare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:m4:1
# text = Short for «hubby» or «husband» — rare.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	hubby	hubby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spokes meet at the hub of the wheel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x1:1
# text = The spokes meet at the hub of the wheel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spokes	spoke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | the spokes |  |  | the hub of the wheel |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library is the hub of our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x2:1
# text = The library is the hub of our school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the library | the hub |  |  |  | of our school | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
London is a big transport hub.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x3:1
# text = London is a big transport hub.
1	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	transport	transport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | London | a big transport hub |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plug the mouse into the USB hub.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x4:1
# text = Plug the mouse into the USB hub.
1	Plug	plug	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	USB	USB	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plug** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the mouse | the USB hub |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouse=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town square is the hub of the market.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x5:1
# text = The town square is the hub of the market.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the town square | the hub |  |  |  | of the market | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The airport is a hub for flights to Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x6:1
# text = The airport is a hub for flights to Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flights	flight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the airport | a hub |  |  |  | for flights to Asia | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grease the hub so the wheel turns smoothly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x7:1
# text = Grease the hub so the wheel turns smoothly.
1	Grease	grease	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grease** | imperative | you *not said here* | the hub |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent hub=Destination |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the wheel |  |  |  |  | smoothly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horses could hardly drag the load through the deep mud, and at last came to a standstill when one of the wheels sank to the hub in a rut.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hub:x8:1
# text = The horses could hardly drag the load through the deep mud, and at last came to a standstill when one of the wheels sank to the hub in a rut.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	drag	drag	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	load	load	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	hub	hub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	rut	rut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | could | the horses | the load |  | the deep mud |  | hardly *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past |  |  |  | last |  | to a standstill | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to standstill=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **sink** | past | one of the wheels |  |  | a rut |  | to the hub | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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