---
title: huff — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «huff» in the school dictionary: To breathe out loudly and heavily, often because you are tired or annoyed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# huff

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, bad mood, She, wolf, He, huff · **What happens:** breathe out, be, breathe, complain, make, do · **To what, where:** fuss, huff, game, house, joke, newspaper

<!-- .vabout -->
«huff» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [huff in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/huff.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breathe out loudly and heavily, often because you are tired or annoyed.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:m1:1
# text = To breathe out loudly and heavily, often because you are tired or annoyed.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | often, tired *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bad mood, usually after being offended: «in a huff».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:m2:1
# text = A bad mood, usually after being offended: «in a huff».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	offended	offended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	huff	huff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | a bad mood |  |  |  |  | offended, usually *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Huff and puff»: to breathe hard, or to complain and make a fuss without doing much.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:m3:1
# text = «Huff and puff»: to breathe hard, or to complain and make a fuss without doing much.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Huff	huff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	puff	puff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	complain	complain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fuss	fuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
20	much	much	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | a fuss |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fuss=Product |
| 4 | **do** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She went off in a huff because she lost the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x1:1
# text = She went off in a huff because she lost the game.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	huff	huff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go off** | past | She |  |  | a huff |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in huff=Location |
| 2 | **lose** | past | she | the game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf huffed and puffed and blew the house down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x2:1
# text = The wolf huffed and puffed and blew the house down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	huffed	huff	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	puffed	puff	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **huff** | participle | the wolf |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **puff** | participle | the wolf *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **blow down** | past | the wolf *not said here* | the house |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was huffing and puffing by the top of the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x3:1
# text = He was huffing and puffing by the top of the hill.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	huffing	huff	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	puffing	puff	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **huff** | past · progressive | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **puff** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the top of the hill | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't get in a huff; it was only a joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x4:1
# text = Don't get in a huff; it was only a joke.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	huff	huff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | a huff |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | huff | a joke |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa huffed and turned back to his newspaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x5:1
# text = Grandpa huffed and turned back to his newspaper.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	huffed	huff	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **huff** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **turn back** | past | Grandpa *not said here* |  |  | Grandpa's newspaper |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to newspaper=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little sister is in a huff because she can't stay up late.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x6:1
# text = My little sister is in a huff because she can't stay up late.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	huff	huff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My little sister |  |  | a huff |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **stay up** | can | she | a huff *not said here* |  |  |  | late *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme huff=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he huffed, and he puffed, and he blew his house in, and ate up the little pig.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:huff:x7:1
# text = So he huffed, and he puffed, and he blew his house in, and ate up the little pig.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	huffed	huff	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	puffed	puff	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **huff** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **puff** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **blow in** | past | he | his house |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent house=Patient |
| 4 | **eat up** | past | he *not said here* | the little pig |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pig=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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