---
title: hugging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hugging» in the school dictionary: Hugging means holding someone close in your arms to show love, comfort or friendship. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hugging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** road, friends, She, you, twins, Hugging · **What happens:** hug, mean, hold, show, stay, ask · **To what, where:** someone, arms, love, coast, airport, teddy bear

<!-- .vabout -->
«hugging» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hugging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hugging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hugging means holding someone close in your arms to show love, comfort or friendship.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:m1:1
# text = Hugging means holding someone close in your arms to show love, comfort or friendship.
1	Hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	comfort	comfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hug** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hold** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | someone |  | your arms |  | close *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent someone=Theme in arm=Location |
| 4 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | love and comfort or friendship |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hugging can mean staying very close to something, like a road hugging the coast.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:m2:1
# text = Hugging can mean staying very close to something, like a road hugging the coast.
1	Hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hug** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a road; close *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hug** | gerund | a road *not said here* | the coast |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coast=Co-Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The friends were hugging at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x1:1
# text = The friends were hugging at the airport.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hug** | past · progressive | the friends |  |  | the airport |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was hugging her teddy bear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x2:1
# text = She was hugging her teddy bear.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teddy	teddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hug** | past · progressive | She | her teddy bear |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask before hugging someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x3:1
# text = Ask before hugging someone.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hug** | gerund | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road keeps hugging the coastline.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x4:1
# text = The road keeps hugging the coastline.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coastline	coastline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the road |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hug** | gerund | the road *not said here* | the coastline |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coastline=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The twins stood hugging each other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x5:1
# text = The twins stood hugging each other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	4	obj	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the twins |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hug** | gerund | the twins *not said here* | each |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hugging a pet can make you feel calm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hugging:x6:1
# text = Hugging a pet can make you feel calm.
1	Hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hug** | gerund |  | a pet |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | can | Hugging | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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