---
title: humbug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «humbug» in the school dictionary: A hard, striped peppermint sweet, often black and white. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# humbug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** words, person, they, Humbug, I, Grandad · **What happens:** mean, fool, sound, be, pretend, not believe · **To what, where:** trick, people, Rubbish, paper bag, sweet shop, Scrooge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«humbug» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [humbug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/humbug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard, striped peppermint sweet, often black and white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m1:1
# text = A hard, striped peppermint sweet, often black and white.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	striped	striped	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	peppermint	peppermint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nonsense or a trick meant to fool people: words that sound important but are false.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m2:1
# text = Nonsense or a trick meant to fool people: words that sound important but are false.
1	Nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fool	fool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sound	sound	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | participle |  | a trick *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fool** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 3 | **sound** | present | words |  |  |  |  | important *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | present | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who pretends to be better, kinder or cleverer than they really are.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m3:1
# text = A person who pretends to be better, kinder or cleverer than they really are.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pretends	pretend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	kinder	kind	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cleverer	clever	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
12	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	really	really	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **does** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a cry, «Humbug!» means «Rubbish! I don't believe it!» (old-fashioned).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* As a cry, «Humbug!» means «Rubbish!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m4:1
# text = As a cry, «Humbug!» means «Rubbish!
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Humbug | Rubbish |  |  |  | as a cry | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent rubbish=Topic as cry=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I don't believe it!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m4:2
# text = I don't believe it!»
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **believe** | present · do-support | I | Rubbish |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (old-fashioned).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:m4:3
# text = (old-fashioned).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad bought a paper bag of mint humbugs at the sweet shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x1:1
# text = Grandad bought a paper bag of mint humbugs at the sweet shop.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	mint	mint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	humbugs	humbug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Grandad | a paper bag of mint humbugs |  | the sweet shop |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent bag=Theme at shop=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bah! Humbug!» growled Scrooge when his nephew wished him a merry Christmas.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Bah!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x2:1
# text = «Bah!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bah	bah	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Humbug!» growled Scrooge when his nephew wished him a merry Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x2:2
# text = Humbug!» growled Scrooge when his nephew wished him a merry Christmas.
1	Humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Scrooge	Scrooge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** *in a quote* | past | Humbug | Scrooge |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scrooge=Topic |
| 2 | **wish** *in a quote* | past | Humbug's nephew | Humbug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magic cure the man sold at the fair was pure humbug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x3:1
# text = The magic cure the man sold at the fair was pure humbug.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cure	cure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | the magic cure |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the fair |  |  | pure humbug |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be such a humbug about the party, Dad!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x4:1
# text = Don't be such a humbug about the party, Dad!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | such humbug |  |  |  | about the party and Dad | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The humbug stuck to my teeth for ages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x5:1
# text = The humbug stuck to my teeth for ages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | participle |  | the humbug *not said here* |  |  | for ages | to my teeth | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to tooth=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pretended to be a great explorer, but he was a humbug who had never left town.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x6:1
# text = He pretended to be a great explorer, but he was a humbug who had never left town.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	explorer	explorer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | a great explorer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | he | a humbug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **leave** | past · perfect · passive |  | a humbug |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme town=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother says «bah humbug» every time we put up the Christmas tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x7:1
# text = My brother says «bah humbug» every time we put up the Christmas tree.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bah	bah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My brother | bah humbug |  |  | time |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent humbug=Topic |
| 2 | **put up** | past | we | the Christmas tree |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent tree=Goal |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Doesn’t anyone else know you’re a humbug?” asked Dorothy.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:humbug:x8:1
# text = “Doesn’t anyone else know you’re a humbug?” asked Dorothy.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’re	're	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
13	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** *in a quote* | present · do-support | anyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **'re** *in a quote* | infinitive | Dorothy | a humbug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | Dorothy |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent dorothy=Recipient clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [humbly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/humbly/)
- next →: [humerus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/humerus/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)