---
title: hunting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hunting» in the school dictionary: Hunting is chasing and killing wild animals for food, sport or to control their numbers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hunting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hunting, predators, Owls, Lions, groups, I · **What happens:** chase, kill, control, hunt, mean, look · **To what, where:** wild animals, numbers, prey, groups, prides, tigers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hunting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hunting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hunting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting is chasing and killing wild animals for food, sport or to control their numbers.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:m1:1
# text = Hunting is chasing and killing wild animals for food, sport or to control their numbers.
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | present · progressive | Hunting |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** | gerund | Hunting *not said here* | wild animals |  |  |  | for food and sport | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 3 | **control** | to-infinitive | Hunting *not said here* | food's numbers |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting for something means looking hard for it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:m2:1
# text = Hunting for something means looking hard for it.
1	Hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for something | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Hunting |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **look** *not said to happen* | gerund | Hunting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for it; hard *property* | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for it=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting is how predators catch their prey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:m3:1
# text = Hunting is how predators catch their prey.
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | Hunting |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | present | predators | predators's prey |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owls go hunting at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x1:1
# text = Owls go hunting at night.
1	Owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Owls |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | Owls *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions hunt in groups called prides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x2:1
# text = Lions hunt in groups called prides.
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	prides	pride	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Lions |  |  | groups |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | groups *not said here* | prides |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was hunting for my lost sock all morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x3:1
# text = I was hunting for my lost sock all morning.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past · progressive | I |  |  |  | morning | for my lost sock | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for sock=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Early people survived by hunting and gathering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x4:1
# text = Early people survived by hunting and gathering.
1	Early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | past | Early people |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | Early people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gather** | gerund | Early people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting tigers is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x5:1
# text = Hunting tigers is against the law.
1	Hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | gerund |  | tigers |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tiger=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Hunting |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went egg hunting at Easter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x6:1
# text = We went egg hunting at Easter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Easter	Easter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We | egg hunting |  | Easter |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hunting=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is hunting a mouse in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x7:1
# text = The cat is hunting a mouse in the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present · progressive | the cat | a mouse |  | the garden |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme in garden=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My parents are house hunting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x8:1
# text = My parents are house hunting.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My parents | house hunting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A BOY was hunting for locusts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hunting:x9:1
# text = A BOY was hunting for locusts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	BOY	BOY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past · progressive | a BOY |  |  |  |  | for locusts | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for locust=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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